Challenges to Teaching Credibility Assessment in Contemporary Schooling

Part of the Volume on Digital Media, Youth, and CredibilityThis chapter explores several challenges that exist to teaching credibility assessment in the school environment. Challenges range from institutional barriers such as government regulation and school policies and procedures to dynamic challenges related to young people's cognitive development and the consequent difficulties of navigating a complex web environment. The chapter includes a critique of current practices for teaching kids credibility assessment and highlights some best practices for credibility education

Transdisciplinary Research Priorities for Human and Planetary Health in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Part of a Special Issue Ten Years of Urgent Action: Global Environmental Threats to Health and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable DevelopmentHuman health and wellbeing and the health of the biosphere are inextricably linked. The state of Earth’s life-support systems, including freshwater, oceans, land, biodiversity, atmosphere, and climate, affect human health. At the same time, human activities are adversely affecting natural systems. This review paper is the outcome of an interdisciplinary workshop under the auspices of the Future Earth Health Knowledge Action Network (Health KAN). It outlines a research agenda to address cross-cutting knowledge gaps to further understanding and management of the health risks of these global environmental changes through an expert consultation and review process. The research agenda has four main themes: (1) risk identification and management (including related to water, hygiene, sanitation, and waste management); food production and consumption; oceans; and extreme weather events and climate change. (2) Strengthening climate-resilient health systems; (3) Monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation; and (4) risk communication. Research approaches need to be transdisciplinary, multi-scalar, inclusive, equitable, and broadly communicated. Promoting resilient and sustainable development are critical for achieving human and planetary health.Peer reviewe

Forest School

© CAB International 2022. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217041This review aims to summarise existing research on the forest-based pedagogical approach known as forest school, as developed in the UK. Modelled on the nature kindergartens of northern Europe, forest school is popular in the UK and is now being practiced or explored in other countries around the world. Drawing on papers specifically researching forest school, identified through the Scopus database, it identifies and reviews key themes emerging from the literature: research on its development, relationship to classroom teaching and the national curriculum, impact on children’s development, and their relationship to the environment and environmental behaviour. It identifies the challenges and tensions emerging in the practice of forest school, between the performative agenda of schools and the alternative learning approaches embedded in forest school praxis. It summarises the attempts by several authors to develop theoretical models of forest school. It discusses the transferability of this forest education practice to new cultures, environments and educational systems. Finally, it concludes by identifying challenges for further research.Peer reviewe

Practitioners’ perspectives on children’s engagement in Forest School

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Forest school is a pedagogical practice widely used in the UK, and increasingly in other parts of the world. This paper contributes to the growing body of research on forest school by focussing on how children engage with and respond to forest school. It draws on practitioners’ experience of working with children to examine their perspectives on how children react to forest school. While practitioners felt the majority of children enjoyed forest school, they identified six specific groups of children who benefit. The findings are related to existing research to explore how the learning environment enables children to experience individual learning journeys at forest school.Peer reviewe

A study of the paper war relating to the career of the 1st Duke of Marlborough 1710-1712.

PhDThe thesis deals with the party journalism of the years 1710-1712 as it concerned Marlborough, relating it to its political context and discussing the techniques of controversy employed. The introduction outlines Marlborough's popular status during the earlier years of Anne's reign, the uneasiness aroused by his family's monopoly of royal favour, the growing discontent with the war, despite his repeated victories, and Marlborough's personal reactions to such criticism. The first three chapters concern the issues arising from the ministerial changes and General Election of 1710, measures which many pamphleteers justified by censuring Marlborough's abuse of royal favour and conduct as general and plenipotentiary. The important contribution of Marlborough's principal apologist, Francis Hare, to this latter controversy is discussed in detail. Chapter III demonstrates that journalistic. pressure was also a determining factor in Marlborough's retention of his command under the new ministry. Chapters IV to'VI trace the efforts of Marlborough's Journalistic supporters during his last campaign to make his continuing military success the spearhead of their opposition to the ministry's secret peace negotiations, a procedure more favoured by the Duchess of Marlborough than by the Duke, and culminating at the end of 1711 in major ministerial press attacks on the latter and finally in his 3. dismissal on charges of financial malpractice. The last two chapters describe the controversies of the year following Marlborough's dismissal, including the journalists' unscrupulous exploitation of the peculation charges, and the numerous publications purporting to expose plots of Marlborough's devising against the Queen and ministry. The difficulties facing his defenders and the effect of this massive and damaging press campaign on the Duke himself are also examined. An epilogue deals briefly with journalistic reactions to Marlborough's period of self-exile on the Continent from December 1712 until August 1714

Understanding 1-D Vertical Flux Dynamics In A Low-Gradient Stream: An Assessment Of Stage As A Control Of Vertical Hyporheic Exchange

Little Kickapoo Creek (LKC) is a low-gradient, third-order perennial stream with headwaters in Bloomington, IL. The objective of this study is to characterize vertical one-dimensional (1-D) flux rates in the top 150 cm of the streambed, test the viability of a heat tracing method in a low-gradient area, and determine the relationship between stage and 1-D vertical flux rates. In 2009, six wells were installed along the thalweg of the stream in a 25-meter stretch spaced at 5-meter intervals. Each well recorded temperature at five separate depths logging at 15-minute0 intervals from February 2009 to March 2010: 30, 60, 90, and 150 cm. Stage data was collected at 15- minute intervals on the stream bank adjacent to the streambed well array. Vertical flux rates are calculated using temperature sensor pairs at depth with the 1-D conduction-advection-dispersion equation utilized in the VFLUX MATLAB program. Flux calculations are at the midpoint between a sensor pair, e.g., a flux is estimated at a depth of 45 cm, the midpoint between the 30 and 60 cm sensors. The dominant flux direction at a depth of 15 cm is downward (negative) while the average flux direction at a depth of 45 cm, 75 cm, and 120 cm is upward (positive). Fluxes at a 15 cm depth for all six wells ranges between -0.59 to 0.95 m/d with an average of -0.04 m/d. At a midpoint of 45 cm, 75 cm, and 120 cm fluxes are highly variable with high-frequency spikes and missing data, but all have a baseline upward trend. Due to the errors in flux, the paper focuses on a depth of 15 cm within the hyporheic zone of LKC for the stage correlation analysis. At a 15 cm depth, the average flux across six wells ranges from -2*10-6 m/s to 5*10-7 m/s. The hyporheic zone at LKC has variable flux directions above 15 cm indicating hyporheic exchange with background upwelling groundwater between 15 to 120 cm. Flux rates approach zero in the summer meaning a period of limited hyporheic exchange. The relationship between stage and flux at the near-surface streambed (15 cm) is a weak, but statistically significant with Spearman’s rank correlations for all six wells at 15 cm depth ranging from -0.032 to 0.369 with an average of 0.085. A negative relationship implies that as stage rises and the stream loses water (negative, downward flux) from the streambed and vice versa. A positive relationship explains that as stage rises the stream is in a gaining condition (upward, positive flux). With the assumption that flux does not have an instantaneous reaction to a change in stage, a cross-correlation analysis was performed. The cross-correlation analysis keeps stage stagnant in time, while flux is temporally shifted forward. The highest Spearman coefficient is 0.442 for well 4. The other five wells have a Spearman coefficient less than 0.20. This research indicates that stage is not a reliable prediction of 1-D vertical flux in the hyporheic zone of LKC. Vertical flux is a multivariate function that can be controlled by the following variables: stream velocity, streambed morphology and topography, streambed conductivity, channel slope, stream sinuosity, vertical gradient in the microscopic stream-streambed and watershed scale, and stream stage or discharge

Parents’ Perceptions of Healthcare Influences on Their Decisions to Vaccinate Their Children

Declining immunization rates are associated with higher incidents of vaccine-preventable diseases. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological inquiry was to explore the perceptions of vaccine-hesitant parents regarding their healthcare experiences. Ajzen and Fishbein‘s theory of reasoned actions and its key concepts (the intention to perform behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and external variables) was used as a framework to understand influences on parents\u27 decisions to vaccinate their children. The research questions for the study examined the healthcare experiences of vaccine-hesitant parents, how these experiences influenced their decisions to vaccinate their children, and how this group perceived the current strategies promoting vaccinations for their children. Ten interviews with parents who delayed or refused immunization for their children with varying ambivalent attitudes towards vaccines were conducted in a large Midwestern city in the United States. Interviews were conducted face-to-face and via phone. Recordings were analyzed using Atlas.ti edition 8 to generate codes, themes, and subthemes. Thematic analysis revealed 4 themes to explain parents’ perceptions of healthcare experiences and the current strategies promoting vaccinations, which included criticism, lack of transparency, diminished treatment, and desire for knowledge. The study findings are beneficial to all entities looking to improve the understanding of vaccine-hesitant parents’ perceptions of healthcare and increase vaccination rates. Social change implications consist of generated strategies to improve vaccination rates for children, education on vaccine-preventable diseases, and increased awareness of the negative consequences of vaccine refusal

Mirror, Fragment, Repetition: Using Metaphor to Read Twentieth-Century French Poetry in English Translation

Reading translation theory, we note that it is nearly impossible to say anything about translation without comparing it to something else. Too rarely, however, is metaphor itself the focus of the theory. As French poetry takes more experimental forms in the twentieth century, emphasising the materiality of language, the difficulty of describing its translation becomes greater and the recourse to metaphor more urgent. Matthew Reynolds’ book on metaphor and poetry translation has a wide temporal and geographical range, drawing its metaphors from the texts themselves and the writings of translators. Clive Scott focuses on avant-garde French poetry from a translator’s perspective, aiming to collapse the distinction between translators and readers. Their emphasis is on the practice of translation; mine is on the relationship between original and translation. My project explores three metaphors which centre the ways this textual relationship is triangulated by a reader, pairing them with three American translations of twentieth-century French poetry. First I read Anne Hyde Greet’s translation of Guillaume Apollinaire’s Calligrammes through the metaphor of a mirror image, with a focus on its parallel text presentation. The second metaphor is fragmentation, for which I explore Walter Benjamin’s image of a broken vessel and its critically-neglected Kabbalistic source to write about Edmond Jabès’ Book of Resemblances, and its English translation by Rosmarie Waldrop. Finally, I rely on Gilles Deleuze’s Difference and Repetition and Clive Scott’s response in Translating Apollinaire to understand translation as a form of repetition. Through this lens I read The Translation Begins by Jacqueline Risset, translated by Jennifer Moxley. It becomes clear that temporality is at stake in the relationships between text, translation and reader. By focusing on these metaphors, we perceive not only how translation comes ‘after’, but how it participates in simultaneity via parallel text, in a teleological Messianic time, and in the challenge to linearity posed by Deleuzian repetition

An Introduction to the Inverse Quantum Bound State Problem in One Dimension

A technique to reconstruct one-dimensional, reflectionless potentials and the associated quantum wave functions starting from a finite number of known energy spectra is discussed. The method is demonstrated using spectra that scale like the lowest energy states of standard problems encountered in the undergraduate curriculum such as: the infinite square well, the simple harmonic oscillator, and the one-dimensional hydrogen atom.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to Am. J. Phys. August 201