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Structure versus accident in the defeat of France’s mainstream Right, April–June 2017
Widely expected to recapture France’s presidency and win a parliamentary major
ity in the 2017 elections, France’s mainstream Right instead suffered a crushing
and divisive defeat. A major reason for this was contingent: the selection of a candidate who three months before polling day was placed under investigation
for embezzling public funds. Other reasons were more structural, in particular
the progressive dislocation of the bipolar multipartism which had characterised
France’s party system for over four decades and the resultant strategic divisions
within the Right. Although broadly chronological, this analysis of the long electoral cycle of 2016–2017 assesses the respective importance of proximate and long-term factors in the Right’s defeat
Origin of the Spin-Orbital Liquid State in a Nearly J=0 Iridate Ba3ZnIr2O9
We show using detailed magnetic and thermodynamic studies and theoretical calculations that the ground state of Ba3ZnIr2O9 is a realization of a novel spin-orbital liquid state. Our results reveal that Ba3ZnIr2O9 with Ir5+ (5d(4)) ions and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) arrives very close to the elusive J = 0 state but each Ir ion still possesses a weak moment. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that this moment is developed due to superexchange, mediated by a strong intradimer hopping mechanism. While the Ir spins within the structural Ir2O9 dimer are expected to form a spin-orbit singlet state (SOS) with no resultant moment, substantial frustration arising from interdimer exchange interactions induce quantum fluctuations in these possible SOS states favoring a spin-orbital liquid phase down to at least 100 mK
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