2 research outputs found
Early Metabolic Adaptation in C57BL/6 Mice Resistant to High Fat Diet Induced Weight Gain Involves an Activation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Pathways
We
investigated the short-term (7 days) and long-term (60 days)
metabolic effect of high fat diet induced obesity (DIO) and weight
gain in isogenic C57BL/6 mice and examined the specific metabolic
differentiation between mice that were either strong-responders (SR),
or non-responders (NR) to weight gain. Mice (<i>n</i> =
80) were fed a standard chow diet for 7 days prior to randomization
into a high-fat (HF) (<i>n</i> = 56) or a low-fat (LF) (<i>n</i> = 24) diet group. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR urinary metabolic
profiles of LF and HF mice were recorded 7 and 60 days after the diet
switch. On the basis of the body weight gain (BWG) distribution of
HF group, we identified NR mice (<i>n</i> = 10) and SR mice
(<i>n</i> = 14) to DIO. Compared with LF, HF feeding increased
urinary excretion of glycine conjugates of β-oxidation intermediate
(hexanoylglycine), branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism intermediates
(isovalerylglycine, α-keto-β-methylvalerate and α-ketoisovalerate)
and end-products of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism
(N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide)
suggesting up-regulation of mitochondrial oxidative pathways. In the
HF group, NR mice excreted relatively more hexanoylglycine, isovalerylglycine,
and fewer tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate (succinate)
in comparison to SR mice. Thus, subtle regulation of ketogenic pathways
in DIO may alleviate the saturation of the TCA cycle and mitochondrial
oxidative metabolism
High-Resolution Quantitative Metabolome Analysis of Urine by Automated Flow Injection NMR
Metabolism is essential to understand
human health. To characterize
human metabolism, a high-resolution read-out of the metabolic status
under various physiological conditions, either in health or disease,
is needed. Metabolomics offers an unprecedented approach for generating
system-specific biochemical definitions of a human phenotype through
the capture of a variety of metabolites in a single measurement. The
emergence of large cohorts in clinical studies increases the demand
of technologies able to analyze a large number of measurements, in
an automated fashion, in the most robust way. NMR is an established
metabolomics tool for obtaining metabolic phenotypes. Here, we describe
the analysis of NMR-based urinary profiles for metabolic studies,
challenged to a large human study (3007 samples). This method includes
the acquisition of nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy one-dimensional
and <i>J</i>-resolved two-dimensional (<i>J</i>-Res-2D) <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra obtained on a 600 MHz spectrometer,
equipped with a 120 μL flow probe, coupled to a flow-injection
analysis system, in full automation under the control of a sampler
manager. Samples were acquired at a throughput of ∼20 (or 40
when <i>J</i>-Res-2D is included) min/sample. The associated
technical analysis error over the full series of analysis is 12%,
which demonstrates the robustness of the method. With the aim to describe
an overall metabolomics workflow, the quantification of 36 metabolites,
mainly related to central carbon metabolism and gut microbial host
cometabolism, was obtained, as well as multivariate data analysis
of the full spectral profiles. The metabolic read-outs generated using
our analytical workflow can therefore be considered for further pathway
modeling and/or biological interpretation