Focusing on permanent education idea in France in the sixties and its progressive decline

Between 1948 and 1959, several laws were implemented in order to introduce a first coherence in the adult education device. In the same time, a new idea, this of éducation permanente (permanent education) was emerging and getting sense in different social spheres. Before detailing the content, the dissemination then the decline of this idea, we would like to stress the tremendous hope of social transformation that many social actors put in the permanent education project. Through permanent education it was question to take up the challenge of the educative system crisis, to change the pedagogic relation, to “awake”, to open to a richer life... Permanent education, that was for some of these actors the main of 1971 law will, under economical pressure and stakes, be relegated in the background, then progressively forgotten to the benefit of other more narrow and immediate aim

A film as a source for the history of adult education

International audienceThe film, a documentary entitled “Retour à l'école ?” (Return to school?), shot in France in 1966 is built on interviews of participants in evening classes. They were asked to express the way how they lived this experience as adult learners. Shot in different locations, this film lets people speak of their motivations, their plans, and also their difficulties in daily life. But what is very interesting is the place accorded to their wives. Actually, what is noticeable is that all adult learners interviewed are men. Three of them accepted to be filmed at home with their wives and they described their educational career as a family shared project. The core question will be then analysed as a problematic couple's relationship to knowledge as the result of a learning activity. This paper tends to demonstrate how this question, that may appear rather strange today, is historically significant and relevant to adult educator's training which rose and developed in the second part of the sixties

Short-pulse photoassociation in rubidium below the D1_1 line

Photoassociation of two ultracold rubidium atoms and the subsequent formation of stable molecules in the singlet ground and lowest triplet states is investigated theoretically. The method employs laser pulses inducing transitions via excited states correlated to the $5S+5P_{1/2}$ asymptote. Weakly bound molecules in the singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be created by a single pulse while the formation of more deeply bound molecules requires a two-color pump-dump scenario. More deeply bound molecules in the singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be produced only if efficient mechanisms for both pump and dump steps exist. While long-range $1/R^3$-potentials allow for efficient photoassociation, stabilization is facilitated by the resonant spin-orbit coupling of the $0_u^+$ states. Molecules in the singlet ground state bound by a few wavenumbers can thus be formed. This provides a promising first step toward ground state molecules which are ultracold in both translational and vibrational degrees of freedom

Algebraic Linearization of Dynamics of Calogero Type for any Coxeter Group

Calogero-Moser systems can be generalized for any root system (including the non-crystallographic cases). The algebraic linearization of the generalized Calogero-Moser systems and of their quadratic (resp. quartic) perturbations are discussed.Comment: LaTeX2e, 13 pages, no figure

Effect of friction stir weld defects on fatigue lifetime of an Al-Cu-Li alloy

International audienceThe effect of Joint Line Remnant (JLR) on the fatigue lifetime of friction stir welds of a 2198Al-alloy in T851 condition has been assessed experimentally by investigating "JLR-free"welds (welded in one sheet) and "JLR-bearing" welds (produced by welding 2 sheets with anatural oxide layer). A strong decrease in Microhardness is found for the weakest weld zonetogether with a reduction in tensile properties compared to the base material, namely, 45% inyield strength and 22% in ultimate tensile strength. The fatigue strength of JLR-free and JLRbearingwelds at 105 cycles (R=0.1) is reduced by 10% and 15% respectively compared tothe base material. No obvious effect of JLR was evidenced concerning crack initiationmechanisms

Detection of water at z = 0.685 towards B0218+357

We report the detection of the H_2O molecule in absorption at a redshift z = 0.68466 in front of the gravitationally lensed quasar B0218+357. We detect the fundamental transition of ortho-water at 556.93 GHz (redshifted to 330.59 GHz). The line is highly optically thick and relatively wide (15 km/s FWHM), with a profile that is similar to that of the previously detected CO(2--1) and HCO^+(2--1) optically thick absorption lines toward this quasar. From the measured level of the continuum at 330.59 GHz, which corresponds to the level expected from the power-law spectrum $S(\nu) \propto \nu^{-0.25}$ already observed at lower frequencies, we deduce that the filling factor of the H_2O absorption is large. It was already known from the high optical thickness of the CO, ^{13}CO and C^{18}O lines that the molecular clouds entirely cover one of the two lensed images of the quasar (all its continuum is absorbed); our present results indicate that the H_2O clouds are covering a comparable surface. The H_2O molecules are therefore not confined to small cores with a tiny filling factor, but are extended over parsec scales. The H_2O line has a very large optical depth, and only isotopic lines could give us the water abundance. We have also searched for the 183 GHz line in absorption, obtaining only an upper limit; this yields constraints on the excitation temperature.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted in ApJ Letter

Stabilization of Ultracold Molecules Using Optimal Control Theory

In recent experiments on ultracold matter, molecules have been produced from ultracold atoms by photoassociation, Feshbach resonances, and three-body recombination. The created molecules are translationally cold, but vibrationally highly excited. This will eventually lead them to be lost from the trap due to collisions. We propose shaped laser pulses to transfer these highly excited molecules to their ground vibrational level. Optimal control theory is employed to find the light field that will carry out this task with minimum intensity. We present results for the sodium dimer. The final target can be reached to within 99% if the initial guess field is physically motivated. We find that the optimal fields contain the transition frequencies required by a good Franck-Condon pumping scheme. The analysis is able to identify the ranges of intensity and pulse duration which are able to achieve this task before other competing process take place. Such a scheme could produce stable ultracold molecular samples or even stable molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Maeck J. et Steinle M. (dir.), 2016, L’image d’archives. Une image en devenir, PUR, 339 p.

Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble une vingtaine de contributions d’auteur·e·s venu·e·s pour la plupart de l’histoire contemporaine, de l’histoire de l’art, des études visuelles ou cinématographiques, mais aussi de l’anthropologie, des sciences de l’information et de la communication, de la documentation et des archives. Il fait suite à un colloque interdisciplinaire qui s’est tenu en 2012 à l’Université libre de Bruxelles. Au passage, remarquons l’intérêt des universités belges pour la recherch..

Effect of welding defects on plastic behaviour and fatigue lifetime of friction stir welded Al-Cu-Li alloy

International audienceThe effects of joint line remnant (JLR), kissing bond (KB), and clearance between the sheets (Gap) on tensile and fatigue properties of 2198-T851 friction stir welds have been quantitatively evaluated with respect to a reference weld made using one single sheet. The JLR has no significant influence in the investigated conditions. KB and Gap-induced defects do not significantly influence plastic yield but may induce premature crack initiation by ductile tearing and intergranular decohesions respectively. A critical value for KB opening (280 MPa), a threshold value for fatigue crack propagation from the KB (1 MPa√m) and crack growth rates consistent with literature data have been determined