Telomere length.

<p><b>A</b>) Minimal, <b>B</b>) Mean and <b>C</b>) Maximal telomere restriction fragment length of the <i>vastus lateralis</i> plotted in healthy subjects (n = 7), patients with COPD and MTCSA >70 cm²) (n = 9) and patients with COPD and MTCSA <70 cm² (n = 7). The solid horizontal line represents the mean value for the group. Distinct letter represents a statistically significant difference (ANCOVA; p<0.05).</p

Minimal, mean and maximum telomere length correlation with MTCSA.

<p><b>A</b>) Relationship between minimal telomere length and Mid-thigh Cross-Sectional Area (MTCSA) in patients with COPD and healthy controls. Telomere length significantly correlated with MTCSA in the studied population (r = 0.523; p = 0.005). <b>B</b>) Relationship between mean telomere length and Mid-thigh Cross-Sectional Area (MTCSA) in patients with COPD and healthy controls. Telomere length significantly correlated with MTCSA in the studied population (r = 0.435; p = 0.019). <b>C</b>) Relationship between maximum telomere length and Mid-thigh Cross-Sectional Area (MTCSA) in patients with COPD and healthy controls. Telomere length significantly correlated with MTCSA in the studied population (r = 0.491; p = 0.009).</p

Central nucleus quantification.

<p><b>A</b>) Cryosections were analyzed by labeling nuclei (blue) and laminin (red). Immuno-detection is shown for 10 µm skeletal muscle cryosections. The number of central nuclei (white arrows) is expressed over 100 fibres and reported as a ratio. Ratio are calculated from 9 COPD and MTCSA >70 cm², 7 COPD and MTCSA <70 cm² and 7 healthy subjects. <b>B</b>) The total numbers of central nuclei were quantified per 100 fibres for patients with COPD and MTCSA >70 cm², patients with COPD and MTCSA <70 cm² and for healthy subjects. Nucleus inside the perimeter of a given fibre delimited by laminin was counted as a central nucleus, expressed over 100 fibres and reported as a ratio. Distinct letter represents a statistically significant difference (ANOVA; p<0.05).</p

Relation between daily life physical activities and exercise capacity with the New York Heart Association functional class.

<p>Mean number of daily steps (panel A), mean daily energy expended during physical activities inducing a metabolic demand >3 METs (panel B), mean daily duration of physical activities inducing a metabolic demand >3 METs (panel C), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (panel D) in healthy control subjects (CTRL; open bars) and in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II (dark bars) and III (grey bars). Values are mean (SD). * p<0.05 and † p<.001 vs. CTRL; ‡ p<0.001 vs NYHA II. Figure legend: n, number; kcal, kilocalories; min, minute; m; meter.</p

Satellite cells quantification.

<p><b>A</b>) <i>Vastus lateralis</i> muscle cryosections were labeled for co-expression and localization of nuclear Paired box transcription factor 7 (green), DAPI (blue) and laminin (red). Cells positive for pax7 or NCAM (not shown) and DAPI located between the plasmalemma and the basal lamina were counted as satellite cells (white arrow). The number of satellite cells is expressed over 100 fibres and reported as a ratio. Ratio are calculated from 9 COPD and MTCSA >70 cm², 7 COPD and MTCSA <70 cm² and 7 healthy subjects. <b>B</b>) The numbers of nuclei having a positive label for Pax7 (white) and NCAM (black) were counted as satellite cells. Cells positive for pax7 or NCAM and DAPI located between the plasmalemma and the basal lamina were counted as satellite cells. The number of satellite cells is expressed over 100 fibres and reported as a ratio; ANOVA; p>0.05.</p

Subjects characteristics

<p>Definition of abbreviations: BMI = Body mass index; FEV₁ = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = Forced vital capacity; DLCO = Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide; MTCSA = Mid-thigh cross-sectional area; CSA = Cross-sectional area. Values with different lower case letter are significantly different (p<0.05).</p>*<p>p<0.001;</p>†<p>p<0.01.</p

Correlation between exercise capacity and daily steps in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.

<p>Correlation between the six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance and the mean daily steps in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH; panel A) and in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with limited systemic sclerosis (PAH-SSc; panel B). Figure legend: n, number; min, minute.</p

Additional file 1: of Evaluation of the effects of olodaterol on exercise endurance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from two 6-week crossover studies

Table S1. Pulmonary medication use prior to enrolment (treated set). Table S2. Arithmetic mean, geometric mean and median endurance times after 6 weeks (full analysis set). Table S3. Geometric mean (SE) endurance time after 6 weeks by GOLD (full analysis set). Table S4. Peak expiratory flow outcomes at 6 weeks (full analysis set). Figure S1. Hierarchical testing order: each test was considered confirmatory only if all of the previous tests were positive. Figure S2. Participant flow in (a) Study 1222.37 and (b) Study 1222.38. Figure S3. Exercise endurance time after 6 weeks for (a) Study 1222.37 and (c) Study 1222.38. Log10-transformation of exercise endurance time after 6 weeks for (b) Study 1222.37 and (d) Study 1222.38 (full analysis set). (DOCX 631 kb

Correlation analysis to endurance time.

<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p><p>*r is the Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p><p><i>Definitions of abbreviations: CET: constant-workrate exercise test; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; FRC: functional residual capacity; RV: residual volume; DL_CO: single-breath carbon monoxyde diffusion capacity; IC: inspiratory capacity; SpO₂: Oxygen pulse saturation; W_peak: peak workrate capacity; HR: heart rate;</i>_peak:<i> peak oxygen consumption;</i><i>: minute ventilation; MVC: maximal voluntary contraction; Twq: quadriceps twitch tension; MVV: maximal voluntary ventilation.</i></p

Actual exercise intensity during constant-workrate cycling exercise (CET) in all patients (n = 92).

<p>Data are expressed as the oxygen consumption at the end of CET to peak oxygen consumption during incremental exercise ratio (_CET/_peak).</p