Icodextrin-induced peritonitis: Study of five cases and comparison with bacterial peritonitis

Icodextrin-induced peritonitis: Study of five cases and comparison with bacterial peritonitis.BackgroundAn epidemic of aseptic peritonitis related to the presence of peptidoglycan contaminant in some batches of icodextrin solution (Extraneal®, Baxter Healthcare Corporation) occurred in Europe in the first six months of 2002.MethodsBy case-control study we examined the clinical and biologic features of 5 patients with icodextrin-induced peritonitis (group AP) and compared them with 7 patients with bacterial peritonitis (group BP) recruited in our clinical center between January and June 2002.ResultsDiagnosis of icodextrin-induced peritonitis was confirmed in all cases by a positive reintroduction test with contaminated batches of icodextrin. No recurrence was observed on re-exposure to icodextrin free of peptidoglycan. Skin tests were positive with contaminated icodextrin in 2 of 5 patients, while they were negative with icodextrin solution free of peptidoglycan (<0.6ng/mL). During peritonitis, serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower in group AP (42.4 ± 34mg/L) than in group BP (135 ± 59mg/L) (P = 0.01). Leukocyte number in peritoneal dialysis effluent was lower in group AP (284 ± 101/mm3), with a lower neutrophil/monocyte ratio (N/M = 0.67) than in group BP (1410 ± 973/mm3; N/M = 4) (P < 0.05). A low number of peritoneal fluid eosinophilia (11 ± 8%) was detected in group AP.ConclusionIcodextrin-induced peritonitis was associated with a burst of intraperitoneal cytokines. The phenotype of peritoneal neutrophils was different between aseptic and bacterial peritonitis, indicating that inflammatory stimuli that activate neutrophils in both types of peritonitis are clearly distinct. Finally, peritoneal injury measured by weight gain, peritoneal permeability, and CA125 concentration seemed to be less severe during icodextrin-induced peritonitis than during bacterial peritonitis

Controlled Emissivity Coatings to Delay Ignition of Polyethylene

International audienceSemi-opaque to opaque films containing small amounts of various aluminium particles to decrease emissivity were easily prepared and coated onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets. The thermal-radiative properties (reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity) of the films were measured and related to the aluminum particles' content, size and nature. Time-to-ignition of samples was assessed using a cone calorimeter at different heat flux values (35, 50 and 75 kW/m 2). The coatings allowed significant ignition delay and, in some cases, changed the material behaviour from thermally thin to thick behaviour. These effects are related both to their emissivity and transmissivity. A lower emissivity, which decreases during the degradation, and a lower transmissivity are the key points to ensure an optimal reaction-to-fire

In utero and childhood exposure to parental tobacco smoke, and allergies in schoolchildren

SummaryAmong early-life environmental factors, parental smoking (ETS) has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether parental smoking might lead to asthma and allergies taking into account family history of asthma, personal atopy, breast feeding as confounders and owing pets and day-care during the first 6 months of life as modifiers. About 9000 children of fourth and fifth grade were selected in six cities of France. About 7798 answered an epidemiological questionnaire, underwent a medical examination including skin prick test positivity to common allergens, skin examination for eczema, and run test to assess exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Prevalence of allergies was, respectively, 25.2% for eczema, 12.9% for rhinitis, 9.9% for asthma and 25% for atopy. About 8.3% had an EIA. About 21.6% of children were exposed to maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy. Maternal smoking, in utero and later, was significantly related to lifetime wheezing (odds ratio (OR): 1.24[1.10–1.56]) and asthma (OR: 1.22[1.04–1.66]). There was no association between atopy, rhinitis, eczema and parental smoking, respectively. ETS remains a risk factor of wheezing in childhood. Counselling parents of children to quit smoking still remains a public health policy

Prevalence and association of asthma and allergic sensitization with dietary factors in schoolchildren: data from the french six cities study

International audienceBackground: The prevalence of asthma and allergy has recently risen among children. This increase in prevalence might be related to various factors, particularly diet. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and association of asthma and allergic sensitization with dietary factors in the French Six Cities Study. Methods: Cross-sectional studies were performed among 7432 schoolchildren aged 9-11 years in Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Creteil, Marseille, Reims, and Strasbourg. Parental questionnaires, based on the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), were used to collect information on allergic diseases and potential exposure factors including a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary habits. Skin prick testing to common allergens for allergic sensitization and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) testing to exercise were performed. Confounders control was performed with multiple logistic regressions. Results: Asthma symptoms, asthma and allergic sensitization were more prevalent in boys than in girls and were more prevalent in the South than in the North of France. After adjustment for confounders, fruit juice intake was associated with a low prevalence of lifetime asthma (ORa [95 % CI]; 0.73 [0.56-0.97]), butter intake was positively associated with atopic wheeze (1.48 [1.07-2.05]) and having lunch at the canteen 1-2 times/week compared to never or occasionally was associated with a lower prevalence of past year wheeze (0.71 [0.52-0.96]), lifetime asthma (0.76 [0.60-0.96]) and allergic sensitization (0.80 [0.67-0.95]). Meat intake was inversely related to past year wheeze among atopic children (0.68 [0.50-0.98]) while fast food consumption and butter intake were associated with an increase prevalence of asthma (2.39 [1.47-3.93] and 1.51 [1.17-2.00] respectively). Fish intake was associated with a lower prevalence of asthma among non-atopic children (0.61 [0.43-0.87]. None of the dietary factors was associated with BHR. Conclusions: Diet is associated with wheeze, asthma and allergic sensitization but not with BHR in children. These results provide further evidence that adherence to a healthy diet including fruits, meat and fish seems to have a protective effect on asthma and allergy in childhood. However, prospective and experimental studies are needed to provide causal evidence concerning the effect of diet on asthma and atopy

Théophile Gautier et le théâtre

International audienc

Evaluation de la prise en charge à l'école d'enfants porteurs d'allergie alimentaire : étude rétrospective de 45 projets d'accueil individualisés (P.A.I.) signés dans l'Aube en 2001-2002

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etat des lieux des hypersensibilités alimentaires (exemple des sulfites)

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Allergie aux bétalactamines. Résultats d'une enquête prospective effectuée dans le service de pneumologie du CHU de Reims

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

LE ROLE DES ALIMENTS TRANSGENIQUES DANS LA GENESE D'ALLERGIE ALIMENTAIRE

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF