Prediction of one-repetition maximum from submaximal ratings of perceived exertion in older adults pre-and post-training

International audienc

Ageing and endurance training effects on quantity and quality of pulmonary vascular bed in healthy men

International audienceIt has recently been demonstrated that in healthy individuals, peak oxygen consumption is associated with a greater pulmonary capillary blood volume and a more distensible pulmonary circulation. Our cross-sectional study suggests that, in healthy men aged 20 to 60 years (n = 63), endurance sport practice (vigorous-intensity domain of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) is associated with better quantity (pulmonary capillary blood volume) and quality (slope of increase in lung diffusion for carbon monoxide on exercise) of the pulmonary vascular bed, partly counterbalancing the deleterious effects of ageing, which remains to be demonstrated in a prospective longitudinal design

Athlete Atypicity on the Edge of Human Achievement: Performances Stagnate after the Last Peak, in 1988

The growth law for the development of top athletes performances remains unknown in quantifiable sport events. Here we present a growth model for 41351 best performers from 70 track and field (T&F) and swimming events and detail their characteristics over the modern Olympic era. We show that 64% of T&F events no longer improved since 1993, while 47% of swimming events stagnated after 1990, prior to a second progression step starting in 2000. Since then, 100% of swimming events continued to progress

From Oxford to Hawaii Ecophysiological Barriers Limit Human Progression in Ten Sport Monuments

In order to understand the determinants and trends of human performance evolution, we analyzed ten outdoor events among the oldest and most popular in sports history. Best performances of the Oxford-Cambridge boat race (since 1836), the channel crossing in swimming (1875), the hour cycling record (1893), the Elfstedentocht speed skating race (1909), the cross country ski Vasaloppet (1922), the speed ski record (1930), the Streif down-hill in Kitzbühel (1947), the eastward and westward sailing transatlantic records (1960) and the triathlon Hawaii ironman (1978) all follow a similar evolutive pattern, best described through a piecewise exponential decaying model (r2 = 0.95±0.07). The oldest events present highest progression curvature during their early phase. Performance asymptotic limits predicted from the model may be achieved in fourty years (2049±32 y). Prolonged progression may be anticipated in disciplines which further rely on technology such as sailing and cycling. Human progression in outdoor sports tends to asymptotic limits depending on physiological and environmental parameters and may temporarily benefit from further technological progresses

TRAINING-LEVEL INDUCED CHANGES IN BLOOD PARAMETERS RESPONSE TO ON-WATER ROWING RACES

The study investigated blood markers allowing discriminating physiological responses to on-water rowing races, notably regarding training volume of athletes and race duration. College (COL) and national (NAT) rowers performed a 1000- or 2000-m race. Capillary blood samples obtained before and post-race allowed an analysis of a wide range of serum parameters. COL rowers had a lower rowing experience and training volume than NAT. Races induced a higher lactate concentration increase in NAT compared to COL (10.45 ± 0.45 vs 13.05 ± 0.60; p < 0.001). Race distance (2000 vs. 1000 m) induced a higher increase in fatty acids (0.81 ± 0.31 vs +0.67 ± 0. 41; p < 0.05) and triglycerides concentration in NAT (0.33 ± 0.07 vs 0.15 ± 0.09; p < 0.01), but remained comparable between NAT and COL for the 1000-m races. Amino acids concentrations increased in NAT (0.19 ± 0.03, p < 0.01), but urea concentration increased only for NAT rowers having performed the 2000-m race (0.72 ± 0.22, p < 0.05). Transferrin concentration decreased after the 2000-m race (-0.60 ± 0.25, p < 0.05), and concentration changes of haptoglobin differed between NAT2000 (tendency to be reduced) and COL (tendency to by enhanced) (p < 0.05). Our results confirmed that the training level in rowing is associated with higher glycolysis utilization during maximal 1000- and 2000-m exercise and no difference for similarly trained subjects at these two distances. Our study also demonstrated that a 2000-m race could initiate fatty and amino-acid metabolisms in highly trained subjects. Therefore, these changes in blood parameter responses to a characteristic rowing exercise highlighted the importance of monitoring the physiological effects of training in sporting conditions and according to individual characteristic

Influence des paramètres anthropométriques sur la performance en aviron au niveau national

Communication brève : mesures anthropométriques réalisées sur 88 rameurs de niveau national et international lors des championnats de France 2002, corrélées aux performances réalisées sur ergomètre et en bateau

Local muscular endurance and prediction of 1 repetition maximum for bench in 4 athletic populations

International audienceThe aim of this study was to determine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populations were assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31), power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29). After the 1 RM assessment for the bench press, the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1 RM (85%, 75%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested. No significant differences in strength evolution from 20% to 100% of the 1 RM was found between power lifters and racket/ball games players and between swimmers and rowers. However, differences in the strength evolution appeared between these 2 mixed groups (p < 0.01), with differences appearing from 75% of 1RM to lesser relative strength (p < 0.05). Nonlinear equations fitted best with the actual data for the capacity to repeat lifts. The evolution of strength from 100% to 20% of 1 RM was better described when the groups' specific equations were used as demonstrated by r 2 , and residuals range between the predicted minus the measured 1 RM. The strength endurance competences for high loads (100%-75%) were adequately modeled by the equation based on the total population. The accuracy of the 1 RM prediction was better when a reduced number of lifts was performed. For untrained or novice subjects, the use of group-specific equations for the all evolutionary profile of strength allows a good estimate of 1 RM and provides adequate numbers of lifts for all levels of strength, thus optimizing the training programs

LOCAL MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND PREDICTION OF 1 REPETITION MAXIMUM FOR BENCH PRESS LIFT IN DIFFERENT ATHLETIC POPULATIONS

International audienceDesgorces,AU1FD, Berthelot, G, Dietrich, G, and Testa, M. Localmuscular endurance and prediction of the 1 repetition maximumfor bench press lift in different athletic populations. J StrengthCond Res 24(x):000–000, 2009—The aim of this study was todetermine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populationswere assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31),power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29).After the 1RM assessment for the bench press, the maximumnumber of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1RM (85%, 75%,60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested. No significant differences instrength evolution from 20% to 100% of the 1RM was foundbetween power lifters and racket/ball games players andbetween swimmers and rowers. However, differences in thestrength evolution appeared between these 2 mixed groups(p , 0.01), with differences appearing from 75% of 1RM tolesser relative strength (p , 0.05). Nonlinear equations fittedbest with the actual data for the capacity to repeat lifts. Theevolution of strength from 100% to 20% of 1RM was betterdescribed when the groups’ specific equations were used asdemonstrated by r2, and residuals range between the predictedminus the measured 1RM. The short evolution of strength(100%–75% of 1RM) was adequately modelled by the equationbased on the total population sample. The accuracy of the1RM prediction was better when a reduced number of lifts wasperformed. For untrained or novice subjects, the use of groups’specific equation for all evolution of strengths allows for a goodestimate of 1RM and provides adequate numbers of lifts for alllevels of strength, thus optimizing the training programs

LOCAL MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND PREDICTION OF 1 REPETITION MAXIMUM FOR BENCH PRESS LIFT IN DIFFERENT ATHLETIC POPULATIONS

International audienceDesgorces,AU1FD, Berthelot, G, Dietrich, G, and Testa, M. Localmuscular endurance and prediction of the 1 repetition maximumfor bench press lift in different athletic populations. J StrengthCond Res 24(x):000–000, 2009—The aim of this study was todetermine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populationswere assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31),power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29).After the 1RM assessment for the bench press, the maximumnumber of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1RM (85%, 75%,60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested. No significant differences instrength evolution from 20% to 100% of the 1RM was foundbetween power lifters and racket/ball games players andbetween swimmers and rowers. However, differences in thestrength evolution appeared between these 2 mixed groups(p , 0.01), with differences appearing from 75% of 1RM tolesser relative strength (p , 0.05). Nonlinear equations fittedbest with the actual data for the capacity to repeat lifts. Theevolution of strength from 100% to 20% of 1RM was betterdescribed when the groups’ specific equations were used asdemonstrated by r2, and residuals range between the predictedminus the measured 1RM. The short evolution of strength(100%–75% of 1RM) was adequately modelled by the equationbased on the total population sample. The accuracy of the1RM prediction was better when a reduced number of lifts wasperformed. For untrained or novice subjects, the use of groups’specific equation for all evolution of strengths allows for a goodestimate of 1RM and provides adequate numbers of lifts for alllevels of strength, thus optimizing the training programs

Row for Your Life: A Century of Mortality Follow-Up of French Olympic Rowers

International audienceBackground/Aim: Strenuous endurance training required to participate in the highest sports level has been associated with deleterious effects on elite athletes' health and cardiac abnormalities. We aimed to describe overall mortality and main causes of deaths of male French rowers participating in at least one Olympic Game (OG) from 1912 to 2012 in comparison with the French general population.Methods: Identity information and vital status of French Olympic rowers were validated by National sources from 1912 to 2013 (study's endpoint) among 203 rowers; 52 out of 255 (20.3%) were excluded because their vital statuses could not be confirmed. Main causes of deaths were obtained from the National registry from 1968 up to 2012. Overall and disease-specific mortalities were calculated through standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall mortality was calculated for the whole rowers' cohort (PT) and for two periods apart: (P1) including rowers from 1912 to 1936 OG, a cohort in which all rowers have deceased and (P2) considering rowers from 1948 to 2012 OG.Results: Among the 203 rowers analysed, 46 died before the study's endpoint, mainly from neoplasms (33%), cardiovascular diseases (21%) and external causes (18%). PT demonstrates a significant 42% lower overall mortality (SMR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43–0.78, p<0.001), P1 a 37% reduction (SMR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.89, p = 0.009) and P2 a 60% reduction (SMR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23–0.65, p<0.001) compared with their compatriots. Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is significantly reduced (SMR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16–0.84, p = 0.01) among rowers.Conclusions: French Olympic rowers benefit of lower overall mortality compared with the French general population. Among rowers' main causes of death, cardiovascular diseases are reduced in relation to their compatriots. Analytical studies with larger samples are needed to understand the reasons for such reductions