The influence of intestinal parasites on Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses to MSP-119 and AMA-1 in rural populations of the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Polyparasitism is a common condition in humans but its impact on the host immune system and clinical diseases is still poorly understood. There are few studies of the prevalence and the effect of malaria-intestinal parasite co-infections in the immune response to malaria vaccine candidates. The present study determines whether the presence of malaria and intestinal parasites co-infection is associated with impaired IgG responses to Plasmodium vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 in a rural population of the Brazilian Amazon.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud A cross-sectional survey was performed in a rural area of Rondonia State and 279 individuals were included in the present study. At recruitment, whole blood was collected and Plasmodium and intestinal parasites were detected by microscopy and molecular tests. Blood cell count and haemoglobin were also tested and antibody response specific to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 was measured in plasma by ELISA. The participants were grouped according to their infection status: singly infected with Plasmodium (M); co-infected with Plasmodium and intestinal parasites (CI); singly infected with intestinal parasites (IP) and negative (N) for both malaria and intestinal parasites.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The prevalence of intestinal parasites was significantly higher in individuals with malaria and protozoan infections were more prevalent. IgG antibodies to PvAMA-1 and/or PvMSP-119 were detected in 74 % of the population. The prevalence of specific IgG was similar for both proteins in all four groups and among the groups the lowest prevalence was in IP group. The cytophilic sub-classes IgG1 and IgG3 were predominant in all groups for PvAMA-1 and IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 for PvMSP-119. In the case of non-cytophilic antibodies to PvAMA-1, IgG2 was significantly higher in IP and N group when compared to M and CI while IgG4 was higher in IP group.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The presence of intestinal parasites, mainly protozoans, in malaria co-infected individuals does not seem to alter the antibody immune responses to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119. However, IgG response to both AMA1 and MSP1 were lower in individuals with intestinal parasites.The authors are in debt to the individuals who participated in this study, the\ud Secretary of Health and Laboratory Central (LACEN) of Rondonia, the local\ud malaria control team in Joana D´Arc settlement for their logistic support\ud and the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) for overall support. This work was\ud supported by PRONEX Malaria network funded by the Brazilian Ministry of\ud Science and Technology (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento\ud Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa\ud do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil). PROEP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\ud (FIOCRUZ, Brazil). JOF is recipient of a Research Productivity Fellowship from\ud CNPq, JCSA is recipient of a fellowship from Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and VAR,\ud MM from CNPq

Avaliação das alterações hematológicas e da resposta imune em indivíduoscoinfectados com Plasmodium spp. e parasitos intestinais em populações naturalmente expostas à malária

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 marcelle_franca_ioc_mest_2013.pdf: 5494780 bytes, checksum: 4d7051abc8e04e319d508a17bae990c4 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-13Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilAs áreas de distribuição geográfica do plasmódio e de parasitos intestinais se sobrepõem tornando a coinfecção malária-parasitoses intestinais comum nas regiões tropicais do planeta. A resposta imune contra o plasmódio é caracterizada por um perfil Th1 e por produção de anticorpos contra os estágios eritrocíticos, sendo os anticorpos citofílicos IgG1 e IgG3 relacionados com a imunidade protetora. As infecções por helmintos induzem forte resposta Th2 e imunorreguladora que podem inibir a resposta Th1 da malária, com possíveis consequências na clínica da doença. Dessa forma o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar possíveis alterações nos parâmetros epidemiológicos e hematológicos, nos níveis de citocinas e na resposta imune humoral contra os antígenos candidatos vacinais de Plasmodium vivax AMA-1, MSP-1 e CVC nos indivíduos coinfectados com malária e parasitoses intestinais e nos indivíduos com apenas uma das infecções. O sangue dos 280 voluntários residentes na cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia, foi coletado para a realização do exame parasitológico, do hemograma completo e para obtenção do plasma utilizado na quantificação de anticorpos IgG total, das subclasses de IgG e dos níveis de 6 citocinas e 3 quimiocinas. Também foi coletada uma amostra de fezes para a detecção de parasitos intestinais. Os quatro grupos formados Malária (M), Parasitoses Intestinais (PI), Coinfectado (CI) e Exposto (E) não apresentaram diferenças quanto aos parâmetros epidemiológicos. A concentração de hemoglobina assim como a frequência de indivíduos anêmicos também não foram diferentes entre os grupos M e CI. A população total apresentou prevalência de resposta de IgG de 62,9%, 65,7% e 68,6% contra respectivamente AMA-1, MSP-1 e CVC. A frequência de resposta de IgG total contra MSP-1 foi maior no grupo M que no grupo CI enquanto a frequência de resposta e o índice de reatividade (IR) de IgG total e o IR de IgG1 anti-MSP-1 foram menores no grupo PI quando comparados ao grupo E. Com relação aos anticorpos anti-AMA-1 observou-se que o IR de IgG1 foi menor e a frequência de resposta e os IRs de IgG2 e IgG4 foram maiores entre PI e E. O nível de IFN-\03B3 foi maior no grupo CI que em M enquanto IFN-\03B3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-8, MCP-1 e MIP-1\03B2 foram maiores no grupo PI quando comparado ao grupo E. IL-10 correlacionou-se significativamente com os IRs dos anticorpos contra as três proteínas estudadas. Dessa forma nossos dados sugerem que a coinfecção com parasitoses intestinais parece não estar interferindo na resposta imune humoral a antígenos candidatos a uma vacina antimaláricaThe geographic distribution of the overlapped over the world, the common in tropical regions of the planet. The immun e response against is characterized by a Th1 profile and also antibodi es production against erythrocytic stages, which IgG1 and IgG3 cytophilic antibodies a re related to protective immunity. On the other hand, Helminth infections induce a str ong immunoregulatory and Th2 response that can inhibit the inflammatory response against malaria, fetching possible consequences for clinical disease. Thus th e aim of our study was to evaluate the occurre nce of parameters, level of cytokines and the humoral immu ne response against three Plasmodium vivax antigens (AMA malaria and intestinal parasites and in i 280 volunteers living in the city of Porto Velho, R ondônia examination, automated blood cell count and to obta in the plasma used in the quantification of antibodies and cytokine an also collected for detection of intestinal parasite s was also collected. The four groups formed Malaria (M) Intestinal Parasites (PI), Coinfected ( CI) and Exposed (E) showed no differences in the epidemiological param concentrations, as well as the frequency of anemic patients, were not different between groups M e CI . The total population showed a prevalence of IgG r esponse of 62.9%, 65.7% and 68.6% respectively against AMA f requency response of total IgG against MSP CI while the frequency response and reactivity index ( RI) of total IgG and IgG1 anti IR-MSP- 1 were lower in we observed that the IR IgG1 was lower and the frequency respon se and the IRs of IgG2 and IgG4 were higher between group M as CI IFN- γ , IL compared to the group E against three proteins studied. Thus our data sugge st that co parasites presented low interference in the vaccine candidates