Omega and eta meson production in p+p reactions at E_{kin} = 3.5 GeV

We report on the exclusive production of omega and eta mesons in p+p reactions at 3.5 GeV beam kinetic energy. Production cross sections, angular distributions and Dalitz plots of both mesons were determined. Moreover, the relative contribution of the N(1535) resonance in eta production at this energy was evaluated. We conclude that eta mesons produced via N(1535) exihibit an isotropic angular distribution, whereas those produced directly show a strong anisotropic distribition. omega mesons show a slightly anisotropic angular distribition.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, Krak\'ow, Poland, 10 - 15 June 201

Stellar evolution of massive stars at very low metallicities

Recently, measurements of abundances in extremely metal poor (EMP) stars have brought new constraints on stellar evolution models. In an attempt to explain the origin of the abundances observed, we computed pre--supernova evolution models, explosion models and the related nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we start by presenting the pre-SN models of rotating single stars with metallicities ranging from solar metallicity down to almost metal free. We then review key processes in core-collapse and bounce, before we integrate them in a simplistic parameterization for 3D MHD models, which are well underway and allow one to follow the evolution of the magnetic fields during collapse and bounce. Finally, we present explosive nucleosynthesis results including neutrino interactions with matter, which are calculated using the outputs of the explosion models. The main results of the pre-SN models are the following. First, primary nitrogen is produced in large amount in models with an initial metallicity $Z=10^{-8}$. Second, at the same metallicity of $Z=10^{-8}$ and for models with an initial mass larger than about 60 Mo, rotating models may experience heavy mass loss (up to more than half of the initial mass of the star). The chemical composition of these winds can qualitatively reproduce the abundance patterns observed at the surface of carbon-rich EMP stars. Explosive nucleosynthesis including neutrino-matter interactions produce improved abundances for iron group elements, in particular for scandium and zinc. It also opens the way to a new neutrino and proton rich process ($\nu$p-process) able to contribute to the nucleosynthesis of elements with A > 64. (Abridged)Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, Reviews of Modern Astronomy 19, proceedings for 79th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Deutsche Astronomische Gesellschaft 200

Magnetism and the Weiss Exchange Field - A Theoretical Analysis Inspired by Recent Experiments

The huge spin precession frequency observed in recent experiments with spin-polarized beams of hot electrons shot through magnetized films is interpreted as being caused by Zeeman coupling of the electron spins to the so-called Weiss exchange field in the film. A "Stern-Gerlach experiment" for electrons moving through an inhomogeneous exchange field is proposed. The microscopic origin of exchange interactions and of large mean exchange fields, leading to different types of magnetic order, is elucidated. A microscopic derivation of the equations of motion of the Weiss exchange field is presented. Novel proofs of the existence of phase transitions in quantum XY-models and antiferromagnets, based on an analysis of the statistical distribution of the exchange field, are outlined.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figure

Spectral Geometry of Heterotic Compactifications

The structure of heterotic string target space compactifications is studied using the formalism of the noncommutative geometry associated with lattice vertex operator algebras. The spectral triples of the noncommutative spacetimes are constructed and used to show that the intrinsic gauge field degrees of freedom disappear in the low-energy sectors of these spacetimes. The quantum geometry is thereby determined in much the same way as for ordinary superstring target spaces. In this setting, non-abelian gauge theories on the classical spacetimes arise from the K-theory of the effective target spaces.Comment: 14 pages LaTe

Aharonov-Casher phase and persistent current in a polyacetylene ring

We investigate a polyacetylene ring in an axially symmetric, static electric field with a modified SSH Hamiltonian of a polyacetylene chain. An effective gauge potential of the single electron Hamiltonian due to spin-field interaction is obtained and it results in a Fr\"{o}hlich's type of superconductivity equivalent to the effect of travelling lattice wave. The total energy as well as the persistent current density are shown to be a periodic function of the flux of the gauge field embraced by the polyacetylene ring.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Modelling solar-like variability for the detection of Earth-like planetary transits. I. Performance of the three-spot modelling and harmonic function fitting

We present a comparison of two methods of fitting solar-like variability to increase the efficiency of detection of Earth-like planetary transits across the disk of a Sun-like star. One of them is the harmonic fitting method that coupled with the BLS detection algorithm demonstrated the best performance during the first CoRoT blind test. We apply a Monte Carlo approach by simulating a large number of light curves of duration 150 days for different values of planetary radius, orbital period, epoch of the first transit, and standard deviation of the photon shot noise. Stellar variability is assumed in all the cases to be given by the Total Solar Irradiance variations as observed close to the maximum of solar cycle 23. After fitting solar variability, transits are searched for by means of the BLS algorithm. We find that a model based on three point-like active regions is better suited than a best fit with a linear combination of 200 harmonic functions to reduce the impact of stellar microvariability provided that the standard deviation of the noise is 2-4 times larger than the central depth of the transits. On the other hand, the 200-harmonic fit is better when the standard deviation of the noise is comparable to the transit depth. Our results show the advantage of a model including a simple but physically motivated treatment of stellar microvariability for the detection of planetary transits when the standard deviation of the photon shot noise is greater than the transit depth and stellar variability is analogous to solar irradiance variations.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic

Comparing the performance of stellar variability filters for the detection of planetary transits

We have developed a new method to improve the transit detection of Earth-sized planets in front of solar-like stars by fitting stellar microvariability by means of a spot model. A large Monte Carlo numerical experiment has been designed to test the performance of our approach in comparison with other variability filters and fitting techniques for stars of different magnitudes and planets of different radius and orbital period, as observed by the space missions CoRoT and Kepler. Here we report on the results of this experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, Transiting Planets Proceeding IAU Symposium No.253, 200

Regulation of HDACi−Triggered Autophagy by the Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Cancer is a complex genetic and epigenetic-based disease that has developed a multitude of mechanisms in evading cell death. Deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy are commonly encountered during the development of human tumors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been employed to reverse epigenetically deregulated gene expression caused by aberrant post-translational protein modifications. These interfere with histone acetyltransferase- and deacetylase-mediated acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, and thereby exert a wide array of HDACi-stimulated cytotoxic effects. Key determinants of HDACi lethality that interfere with cellular growth in a multitude of tumor cells are apoptosis and autophagy. Currently, the factors that determine the mode of HDACi-elicited cell death are mostly unclear however. Experimental evidence of the last decade convincingly reports that the frequently mutated tumor suppressor protein p53 can act either as an activator or as an inhibitor of autophagy depending on its subcellular localization, and linked to its mode of action. Consistently, we recently described p53 as a regulatory switch that governs if histone deacetylase inhibitor-administered uterine sarcoma cells undergo autophagy or apoptosis. By highlighting this novel finding, we summarize in this chapter the role of p53-mediated signaling during the activation of the autophagic pathway in tumor cells in response to HDACi

Hyperfine splitting in non-relativistic QED: uniqueness of the dressed hydrogen atom ground state

We consider a free hydrogen atom composed of a spin-1/2 nucleus and a spin-1/2 electron in the standard model of non-relativistic QED. We study the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian associated with this system at a fixed total momentum. For small enough values of the fine-structure constant, we prove that the ground state is unique. This result reflects the hyperfine structure of the hydrogen atom ground state.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure

Spin - or, actually: Spin and Quantum Statistics

The history of the discovery of electron spin and the Pauli principle and the mathematics of spin and quantum statistics are reviewed. Pauli's theory of the spinning electron and some of its many applications in mathematics and physics are considered in more detail. The role of the fact that the tree-level gyromagnetic factor of the electron has the value g = 2 in an analysis of stability (and instability) of matter in arbitrary external magnetic fields is highlighted. Radiative corrections and precision measurements of g are reviewed. The general connection between spin and statistics, the CPT theorem and the theory of braid statistics are described.Comment: 50 pages, no figures, seminar on "spin