Pathway analysis of genes affected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant bromelain

The contributing molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer need to be better characterized. The goal of the present study is to understand the probable molecular mechanism and the associated pathway related to recombinant bromelain treatment on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Within 1102 known genes differentially expressed to a significant degree (p<0.001) set, 34 genes were significantly changed between treated cells and the control cells with cutoff fold change more than 2. These genes are LYRM2, TUBB2C, LRRFIP1, HMGN2, HMGN2, GLTSCR2, RN28S1, HIST2H4B, HIST2H4A, PA2G4, ACTB, C1orf152, RPS3A, C12orf51, RAP1B, FLJ16171, CCDC59, MGEA5, KIFAP3, GPBP1, KLHDC2, TBPL1, STK38L, RIOK3, CLK4 SNORD46, C7orf60, BTG1, TMEM59, ARID4A, C6orf62, FRG1, DEFB109P1B and RBMS1. With this exploratory study using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis IPA, we aim to identify the overlapping pathways associated with recombinant bromelain treatment and its anti-cancer mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The pathways identification has been shown to be associated with recombinant bromelain function on cell cycle, cancer, cell death & survival, cellular development, tumor morphology, cellular growth and proliferation. This finding will enhance the power of In-vitro breast cancer study and lead to better understandin

Cytokinetics study on MCF-7 cells treated with commercial and recombinant bromelain

Background: Breast cancer is the leading main cause of death in women. The available chemotherapy drugs have been associated with many side effects on cancer patients. Bromelain has a novel medicinal quality includes anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions. Available commercial bromelain is obtained through tedious methods; therefore, recombinant bromelain gave cheaper and simpler choice with similar quality. Materials and Methods: This study aims to observe the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on the cytokinetics behavior of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and observe their potential as therapeutic alternative in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic activities of commercial and recombinant bromelain were determined using (sulforhodamine) SRB assay. Next, cell viability assay was engaged to observe the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cells cytokinetics behavior. Finally, the established growth kinetic data was used to modify a model that predicts the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cells. Results: Commercial and recombinant bromelain gave strong effects towards decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 value of 5.125 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively, compared to taxol with IC50 value of 0.063 μg/mL. The present results indicate that commercial and recombinant bromelain proved its anti-proliferative activity when they reduced the number of cells generations from 3.92 generations to 2.81 for commercial bromelain and 2.86 generations for recombinant bromelain, respectively. Observation under microscope on bromelain-treated MCF-7 demonstrated detachment experience. While taxol reduced the number of cells generations of MCF- 7 from 3.92 generations to 3.12. The inhibition activities obviously can be verified when the growth rate was decreased dynamically from 0.009 h-1 to 0.0059 h-1 for commercial bromelain and from 0.009 h-1 to 0.0063 h-1 for recombinant bromelain, respectively. Conclusions: Commercial and recombinant bromelain affect cytokinetics of MCF-7 cells by decreasing the cells viability and demonstrated similar strength as Taxol (p<0.05)

Pathway analysis of genes affected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant bromelain

The contributing molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer need to be better characterized. The goal of the present study is to understand the probable molecular mechanism and the associated pathway related to recombinant bromelain treatment on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Within 1102 known genes differentially expressed to a significant degree (p<0.001) set, 34 genes were significantly changed between treated cells and the control cells with cutoff fold change more than 2. These genes are LYRM2, TUBB2C, LRRFIP1, HMGN2, HMGN2, GLTSCR2, RN28S1, HIST2H4B, HIST2H4A, PA2G4, ACTB, C1orf152, RPS3A, C12orf51, RAP1B, FLJ16171, CCDC59, MGEA5, KIFAP3, GPBP1, KLHDC2, TBPL1, STK38L, RIOK3, CLK4 SNORD46, C7orf60, BTG1, TMEM59, ARID4A, C6orf62, FRG1, DEFB109P1B and RBMS1. With this exploratory study using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis IPA, we aim to identify the overlapping pathways associated with recombinant bromelain treatment and its anti-cancer mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The pathways identification has been shown to be associated with recombinant bromelain function on cell cycle, cancer, cell death & survival, cellular development, tumor morphology, cellular growth and proliferation. This finding will enhance the power of In-vitro breast cancer study and lead to better understandin

Gene expression analysis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant bromelain

The contributing molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer need to be better characterized. The principle of our study was to better understand the genetic mechanism of oncogenesis for human breast cancer and to discover new possible tumor markers of use in clinical practice. We used cDNA microarrays to compare gene expression profiles of treated MCF-7 with recombinant bromelain and untreated MCF-7. SpringGene analysis was carried out of differential expression followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), to understand the underlying consequence in developing disease and disorders. We identified 1102 known genes differentially expressed to a significant degree (p<0.001) changed between the treatment. Within this gene set, 17 genes were significantly changed between treated cells and the control cells with cutoff fold change more than 1.5. These genes are RBMS1, RPL29, GSTM2, C15orf32, AKT3, BTG1, C6orf62, C7orf60, KIFAP3, FBXO11, ARID4A, COPS2, TBPL1|SLC2A12, TMEM59, SNORD46, GLTSCR2 and LRRFIP. Our observation on gene expression indicated that recombinant bromelain produces a unique signature affecting different pathways, specific for each congener. The microarray results give a molecular mechanistic insight and functional effects, following recombinant bromelain treatment. The extent of changes in genes related to involved significantly in Gap Junction Signaling, Amyloid processing, Cell Cycle Regulation by BTG Family Proteins and Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1 that play major roles

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be the most affected, both in terms of impact on public health and economic burden. Recent studies highlighted the role of resistance networks on the transmission of AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.g., human health, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine) and other components, including environmental factors (e.g., persistence of AMR in wastewater). Many studies have highlighted the role of wastewater as a significant environmental reservoir of AMR as it represents an ideal environment for AMR bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) to persist. Although the treatment process can help in removing or reducing the ARB load, it has limited impact on ARGs. ARGs are not degradable; therefore, they can be spread among microbial communities in the environment through horizontal gene transfer, which is the main resistance mechanism in most Gram-negative bacteria. Here we analysed the recent literature to highlight the contribution of wastewater to the emergence, persistence and transmission of AMR under different settings, particularly those associated with mass gathering events (e.g., Hajj and Kumbh Mela)