Wide Range Thin-Film Ceramic Metal-Alloy Thermometers with Low Magnetoresistance

Many thermal measurements in high magnetic fields require thermometers that are sensitive over a wide temperature range, are low mass, have a rapid thermal response, and have a minimal, easily correctable magnetoresistance. Here we report the development of a new granular-metal oxide ceramic composite (cermet) for this purpose formed by co-sputtering of the metallic alloy nichrome Ni0.8Cr0.2 and the insulator silcon dioxide SiO2. The resulting thin films are sensitive enough to be used from room temperature down to below 100 mK in magnetic fields up to at least 35 tesla

Wide Range Thin-FIlm Ceramic Metal-Alloy Thermometers with Low Magnetoresistance

Many thermal measurements in high magnetic fields require thermometers that are sensitive over a wide temperature range, are low mass, have a rapid thermal response, and have a minimal, easily correctable magnetoresistance. Here we report the development of a new granular-metal oxide ceramic composite (cermet) for this purpose formed by co-sputtering of the metallic alloy nichrome Ni$_{0.8}$Cr$_{0.2}$ and the insulator silcon dioxide SiO$_2$. The resulting thin films are sensitive enough to be used from room temperature down to below 100 mK in magnetic fields up to at least 35 tesla

The oral mucosal and salivary microbial community of Behçet's syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem immune-related disease of unknown etiology. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by the presence of idiopathic oral ulceration without extraoral manifestation. The interplay between the oral microbial communities and the immune response could play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of both BS and RAS

Via Hexagons to Squares in Ferrofluids: Experiments on Hysteretic Surface Transformations under Variation of the Normal Magnetic Field

We report on different surface patterns on magnetic liquids following the Rosensweig instability. We compare the bifurcation from the flat surface to a hexagonal array of spikes with the transition to squares at higher fields. From a radioscopic mapping of the surface topography we extract amplitudes and wavelengths. For the hexagon--square transition, which is complex because of coexisting domains, we tailor a set of order parameters like peak--to--peak distance, circularity, angular correlation function and pattern specific amplitudes from Fourier space. These measures enable us to quantify the smooth hysteretic transition. Voronoi diagrams indicate a pinning of the domains. Thus the smoothness of the transition is roughness on a small scale.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure

Health facility delivery among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: Does age at first birth matter?

BackgroundHigh maternal mortality ratio in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been linked to inadequate medical care for pregnant women due to limited health facility delivery utilization. Thus, this study, examined the association between age at first childbirth and health facility delivery among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.MethodsThe study used the most recent secondary dataset from Nigeria's Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2018. Only women aged15-49 were considered for the study (N = 34,193). Bi-variate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between age at first birth and place of delivery. The results were presented as crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at pResultsThe results showed that the prevalence of health facility deliveries was 41% in Nigeria. Women who had their first birth below age 20 [aOR = 0.82; 95%(CI = 0.74-0.90)] were less likely to give birth at health facilities compared to those who had their first birth at age 20 and above.ConclusionOur findings suggest the need to design interventions that will encourage women of reproductive age in Nigeria who are younger than 20 years to give birth in health facilities to avoid the risks of maternal complications associated with home delivery. Such interventions should include male involvement in antenatal care visits and the education of both partners and young women on the importance of health facility delivery

Field-Orientation Dependent Heat Capacity Measurements at Low Temperatures with a Vector Magnet System

We describe a heat capacity measurement system for the study of the field-orientation dependence for temperatures down to 50 mK. A "Vector Magnet" combined with a mechanical rotator for the dewar enables the rotation of the magnetic field without mechanical heating in the cryostat by friction. High reproducibility of the field direction, as well as an angular resolution of better than 0.01 degree, is obtained. This system is applicable to other kinds of measurements which require a large sample space or an adiabatic sample environment, and can also be used with multiple refrigerator inserts interchangeably.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

High-Order Coupled Cluster Method Study of Frustrated and Unfrustrated Quantum Magnets in External Magnetic Fields

We apply the coupled cluster method (CCM) in order to study the ground-state properties of the (unfrustrated) square-lattice and (frustrated) triangular-lattice spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnets in the presence of external magnetic fields. Here we determine and solve the basic CCM equations by using the localised approximation scheme commonly referred to as the `LSUB$m$' approximation scheme and we carry out high-order calculations by using intensive computational methods. We calculate the ground-state energy, the uniform susceptibility, the total (lattice) magnetisation and the local (sublattice) magnetisations as a function of the magnetic field strength. Our results for the lattice magnetisation of the square-lattice case compare well to those results of QMC for all values of the applied external magnetic field. We find a value for magnetic susceptibility of $\chi=0.070$ for the square-lattice antiferromagnet, which is also in agreement with the results of other approximate methods (e.g., $\chi=0.0669$ via QMC). Our estimate for the range of the extent of the ($M/M_s=$)$\frac 13$ magnetisation plateau for the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet is $1.37< \lambda < 2.15$, which is in good agreement with results of spin-wave theory ($1.248 < \lambda < 2.145$) and exact diagonalisations ($1.38 < \lambda < 2.16$). The CCM value for the in-plane magnetic susceptibility per site is $\chi=0.065$, which is below the result of the spin-wave theory (evaluated to order 1/S) of $\chi_{SWT}=0.0794$.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, 1 Tabl

Combating the zoonotic trio of Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, and COVID-19 in Nigeria: a retrospection of the challenges and lessons

Various infectious disease outbreaks linked to zoonotic sources have been recorded over the years, some of which have resulted in epidemics on a national, regional, or global scale. In Africa, a number of such outbreaks occur intermittently, especially in countries like Nigeria with a high-risk of epidemiological transmission. Three viral outbreaks with zoonotic links have hit the Nigerian healthcare system hardest, which are the Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever and Coronavirus disease 2019. Due to the fragile nature of the Nigerian health system, several challenges were encountered in the process of responding to these viral outbreaks, some of which included inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited diagnostic capacity, unfledged nature of emergency response, unsatisfactory remuneration of health workers, misinformation trends, amongst others. By reminiscing on the challenges and lessons learnt from these viral disease outbreaks, the Nigerian government and policymakers will be able to adopt more effective approaches towards emergency preparedness for future outbreaks of infectious diseases

Nature of the Na 20 2646-keV level and the stellar reaction rate for Ne 19 ( p ,γ ) 20 Na

Careful comparison of F20 and Na20, and available data on reactions leading to both, suggests that Jπ(2646)=3+. Other mirror identifications are indicated and quantities of astrophysical interest are calculated