Interview with Robert and Esther Fortenbaugh, February 22, 2004

Robert & Esther Fortenbaugh were interviewed on February 22, 2004 by Michael J. Birkner. Esther discussed her early years and Robert discussed his career at American Cyanimid and then as a United Methodist Minister. They both discussed their time at Gettysburg College (including meeting each other), their life after college, and returning to Gettysburg after retirement. Length of Interview: 88 minutes Collection Note: This oral history was selected from the Oral History Collection maintained by Special Collections & College Archives. Transcripts are available for browsing in the Special Collections Reading Room, 4th floor, Musselman Library. GettDigital contains the complete listing of oral histories done from 1978 to the present. To view this list and to access selected digital versions please visit -- http://gettysburg.cdmhost.com/cdm/landingpage/collection/p16274coll

25 YEARS OF THE ISBS: A SILVER SALUTE TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS

The purpose of this report was to assemble a preliminary database of the research that has been presented at ISBS conferences over the past 25 years. Data were compiled using available proceedings from previous years. Of interest were the volume of presentations, the distribution by continent, region, and nation, and the level of collaborative effort made by participating affiliates. A special focus was also placed on the last 5 conferences to demonstrate recent trends. With over 2,400 presentations, tremendous diversity has been seen so far, though it is recommended that concerted efforts be made to promote sports biomechanics in certain areas of the world, particularly South America, Africa, and Central and West Asia. Future research will determine the best way to facilitate their future contributions to ISBS

Aristotle and Theophrastus on the Emotions

Fortenbaugh here revisits his 1975 study, Aristotle on Emotion, incorporating the contributions of Theophrastus to the Peripatetic synthesis of analyses of the emotions. He modifies earlier views, adding new analyses and illustrative material, replying to criticisms of his positions. A.P

Theophrastus on Emotion

While Aristotle\u27s treatment of emotion has in recent years received considerable attention, Theophrastus\u27 work on the same subject has been mostly ignored. The reason for this neglect is that the relevant material has not been readily accessible, but with the publication of my Quellen zur Ethik Theophrasts that obstacle has been largely removed. Texts whose primary focus is emotional response have been brought together under the heading Affecte (L1-L11) and other relevant texts are included elsewhere in the volume. My purpose here is to call attention to this material and to use it to advance our understanding of Peripatetic work on emotion. We shall see that Theophrastus\u27 treatment of emotion is Aristotelian, and yet of special interest, for it involves analyzing closely related emotions in terms of the more and less. We shall look closely at the emotion of fault-finding, observe parallels with Theophrastus\u27 classification of plants, and in the end have a better understanding of why the Greek commentator Aspasius found no definition of pathos among the older Peripatetics

On the Antecedents of Aristotle\u27s Bipartite Psychology

This paper will be concerned with the antecedents of Aristotle\u27s bipartite or moral psychology. It will consider two common theses: 1) Aristotle\u27s bipartite psychology is in origin a popular psychology already present (if not clearly formulated) in Euripides\u27 Medea; 2) Aristotle\u27s bipartite psychology developed out of tripartition by collapsing together the two lower elements of tripartition. Roughly, I shall be affirming the first and rejecting the second thesis. In both cases I hope to develop and make more precise the origins of Aristotle\u27s bipartite psychology

Cicero, On Invention 1.51-77: Hypothetical Syllogistic and the Early Peripatetics

In the course of this paper, I shall say some things about Cicero’s discussion of induction, but my primary concern will be with his account of deduction. In particular, I want to call attention to Cicero’s argument for a quinquepartite analysis of deductive reasoning (Ded. 3). It is remarkable in that it makes elaborate use of the mixed hypothetical syllogism, and also of some importance in that it supplements our evidence for early Peripatetic interest in syllogisms of this land. Recent scholarship on the history of ancient logic has generally focused on later sources—like Alexander of Aphrodisias, Boethius, Philoponus and Simplicius— and pointed to Theophrastus as a significant contributor to the development of hypothetical syllogistic. Cicero, writing three centuries before Alexander, seems not only to confirm the importance of Theophrastus but also to indicate that his contributions were recognized as such by Hellenistic rhetoricians. In presenting this thesis, I shall not be accepting Cicero’s claim to have written more accurately and diligently than others (Ded. 7), but I will suggest that the argument in favor of quinquepaitite analysis (Ded. 3) is more coherent than what precedes (Ded. 2) and that this difference is largely attributable to Cicero’s use of sources

BALLPARK FORCES: GROUND REACTION FORCES DURING BATTING

INTRODUCTION: The baseball swing is a three dimensional movement incorporating both propulsive and stabilizing forces applied by both feet throughout different phases of the movement. These ground reaction forces (GRFs) are subsequently transferred up through the body via the kinetic chain to generate bat velocity. Limited research exists on the magnitude and temporal sequencing of swing kinetics, and no known studies have analyzed the effect of ball location on swing kinetics

MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY IN BASEBALL PITCHING

Efficient pitching mechanics should maximize ball velocity while minimizing stress on the pitching arm. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between ball velocity and upper extremity kinetics (UEKs) and define the kinematic patterns that achieve the most efficient pitching mechanics. Healthy collegiate and professional pitchers (n=147) threw maximal effort pitches from the wind-up. After determining the overall relationship between ball velocities and UEKs, two subgroups of pitchers were identified as efficient and inefficient. Efficient pitchers had significantly more ball velocity and similar or lower kinetic values. 10 of 23 kinematic variables were significantly different between the groups. It is recommended that coaches and researchers use the efficient group’s mechanics as a point of reference when analyzing and teaching pitching biomechanics

A mathematical model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) aircraft simulation. Volume 3: User's manual for VATOL simulation program

Instructions for using Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Simulation (VATLAS), the digital simulation program for application to vertical attitude takeoff and landing (VATOL) aircraft developed for installation on the NASA Ames CDC 7600 computer system are described. The framework for VATLAS is the Off-Line Simulation (OLSIM) routine. The OLSIM routine provides a flexible framework and standardized modules which facilitate the development of off-line aircraft simulations. OLSIM runs under the control of VTOLTH, the main program, which calls the proper modules for executing user specified options. These options include trim, stability derivative calculation, time history generation, and various input-output options

A mathematical model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) aircraft simulation. Volume 2: Model equations and base aircraft data

Equations incorporated in a VATOL six degree of freedom off-line digital simulation program and data for the Vought SF-121 VATOL aircraft concept which served as the baseline for the development of this program are presented. The equations and data are intended to facilitate the development of a piloted VATOL simulation. The equation presentation format is to state the equations which define a particular model segment. Listings of constants required to quantify the model segment, input variables required to exercise the model segment, and output variables required by other model segments are included. In several instances a series of input or output variables are followed by a section number in parentheses which identifies the model segment of origination or termination of those variables