Frequency of oral and maxillofacial giant cell lesions in Iran in a period of 22-year (1991-2012)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Giant cell lesions as a group of the oral and maxillofacial lesions are common and potentially destructive. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of oral lesions containing giant cells in a 22-year period in Isfahan Dental School, Iran. METHODS: In this epidemiological, cross-sectional, retrospective study the archive information in the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry between 1991 and 2012 was used. All information obtained from the patients records with giant cell lesions [peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), aneurysmal bone cyst, and Cherubism and Brown tumor] were analyzed using SPSS, chi-square test and Fisher (P < 0.050). RESULTS: Of the 8217 cases with pathology records, 591 cases (7.1%) were giant cell lesions. The most common lesion was PGCG (68.5%). The prevalence of lesions in the mandible was more than the maxilla (P = 0.039), and also the prevalence of these lesions in woman was slightly more than men (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION: The giant cell lesions were more common in women and in the mandible. They were seen more frequently in the second decade of life. Regards the results of this study, we can prevent PGCG using methods such as improvement of oral hygiene. KEYWORDS: Epidemiology; Giant Cells; Granulom

Knowledge and Practice of General Dentists and Senior Dental Students of Isfahan in Dental drug Prescription

Proper diagnosis and administration of medication is one of the main aspect of treatment done by healthcare workers, such as dentists. Therefore, they should have enough knowledge, act precisely regarding the drug selection, dosage, and duration of treatment. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of the senior dentistry students and general dentists in Isfahan.Materials & Methods:The present descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was done on 99 senior dentistry students and 89 general dentists in 2018 in Isfahan. The questionnaire of this study contained 3 parts, including demographic details and information on knowledge and practice. The obtained data were analyzed with T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation (p value < 0.05).Results:The knowledge of the dentists and students at the poor level comprised (2.2% and 3% respectively), in moderate (82% and 82.9%) and in good (15.8% and 14.1%), respectively and for practice, for low (7.9% and 5%), moderate (84.2% and 89.6%) and good (7.9% and 8.1%), respectively. The practice of both dentist (p value < 0.001, r = 0.417) and students (p value = 0.03, r = 0.213) was remarkably associated with their knowledge. The comparison of the knowledge (p value = 0.30) and practice (p value = 0.33) between dentists and students showed no statistical difference.Conclusion:According to the result of this study, it seems that conducting further training programs and making educational pamphlets on drug prescription can help increase the knowledge and practice of dentist dentistry studen

Comparison of cathepsin-D expression in unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst using an immunohistochemical method

Background and Aims: Cathepsin-D is a well-known protease that promotes invasion in tumoral lesions. Considering the cystic neoplasm nature of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), the aim of this study was to compare the expression of cathepsin-D in this lesion with the unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) for better understanding of its behavior. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, we used paraffin blocks available in the archives of oral and maxillofacial pathology department of dental school (8 unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), 8 odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and 8 orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOC)) which they were stained immunohistochemically with cathepsin-D. Then, the samples were observed simultaneously by two oral pathologists for detection the intensity and pattern of epithelial and stromal cells staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 and Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test (P<0.05). Results: The staining intensity of the epithelial cells of UA group was significantly more than OOC and OKC (P=0.02). The staining intensity of the stromal cells of UA was more than the other two groups, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.32). The pattern of cell staining in epithelium and stroma did not show any significant difference between the three groups in this study (P=0.15, 0.22). Conclusion: The results of this study regarding the intensity expression of cathepsin-D in these three odontogenic lesions could be considered as a probable evidence for the new odontogenic lesions classification (WHO2017) in terms of reintroducing OKC as an odontogenic cyst. If this idea is rejected, it seems that cathepsin-D expression is not associated with the invasive behavior of this cyst, and further investigation of other markers in the epithelium and stroma simultaneously is suggested for a better understanding of its biological nature

Frequency of Allergic Reactions Related to Dentistry Allergens among Dentistry Students, Residents, and Professors

With the increase in the use of dental services and the increase in the use of different materials in several fields, the prevalence of allergic reactions to these substances has also been rising. In this situation, the diagnosis of allergic reactions and theirprevalence among dentists is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these reactions among students, residents and faculty members of Isfahan Dental School.Materials & Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Isfahan Dental School using a form for data collection in 2018, which was provided by professors and colleagues from the Immunology Department of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, on clinical students, residents and faculty members of Isfahan Dental School. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square methods (p value < 0.05).Results:Of 200 participants in this study (152 students, 23 residents and 25 faculty members), 64 % showed allergic reaction to at least one dental workplace (69.1 % among the students, among the faculty members was 40.7 % and among the faculty members was 56 %). The most common allergic reaction among all participants was skin itchiness, hives, and respiratory responses. The pre-clinical and laboratory sections had the highest prevalence of allergic reactions.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the prevalence of allergic reactions caused by allergens in the dental environment is very important and the most common reactions is skin reactions and subsequent respiratory reactions. Also, among the most common allergy to dental materials was latex glove

Assessment of biochemical factors in blood serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Recently, the role of biochemical factors in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has attracted some attention. Serum levels of biochemical factors may change in cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the serum level of folate, Vitamin B12, homocysteine, iron, copper, and selenium in patients with OSCC. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 30 primary OSCC patients (15 males and 15 females) presenting to Imam Khomeini Cancer Institute, who had not yet undergone treatment. Blood samples were taken and serum levels of folate, Vitamin B12, homocysteine, iron, copper, and selenium were measured. Serum levels of micronutrients in patients with different tumor sizes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Serum levels of micronutrients were compared among groups with and without metastasis and lymph node involvement using Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Results: Serum levels of B12, folic acid, homocysteine, copper, iron, and selenium were 232.5 ± 102.68, 8.66 ± 4.06, 18.87 ± 8.81, 96.0 ± 22.64, 55.27 ± 40.58, and 92.47 ± 18.83 ng/mL, respectively. Relatively similar values were measured in patients with different tumor sizes with and without lymph node involvement and presence or absence distant metastasis. However, the serum level of folic acid in OSCC patients without lymph node involvement was significantly higher than that in OSCC patients with lymph node involvement (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite some variations, serum levels of micronutrients in OSCC patients were within the normal limits. Considering the variations in serum level of copper in OSCC patients, it may be used as a diagnostic marker. However, further studies are warranted in this respect

Frequency of oral and maxillofacial giant cell lesions in Iran in a period of 22-year (1991-2012)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Giant cell lesions as a group of the oral and maxillofacial lesions are common and potentially destructive. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of oral lesions containing giant cells in a 22-year period in Isfahan Dental School, Iran. METHODS: In this epidemiological, cross-sectional, retrospective study the archive information in the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry between 1991 and 2012 was used. All information obtained from the patients records with giant cell lesions [peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), aneurysmal bone cyst, and Cherubism and Brown tumor] were analyzed using SPSS, chi-square test and Fisher (P < 0.050). RESULTS: Of the 8217 cases with pathology records, 591 cases (7.1%) were giant cell lesions. The most common lesion was PGCG (68.5%). The prevalence of lesions in the mandible was more than the maxilla (P = 0.039), and also the prevalence of these lesions in woman was slightly more than men (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION: The giant cell lesions were more common in women and in the mandible. They were seen more frequently in the second decade of life. Regards the results of this study, we can prevent PGCG using methods such as improvement of oral hygiene

Evaluation of P53 Expression in Ameloblastoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst by Immunuhistochemistry

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which is a developmental cyst has aggressive clinical behavior and its recurrence possibility is higher than other odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study was estimate biologic behavior of OKC with p53 immunohistochemistry comparison, as a tumor suppressor between OKC and ameloblastoma.Materials & Methods:In this experimental study, paraffin blocks of 14 OKC and 15 ameloblastoma, were collected from oral pathology department Qazvin University. After confirmation of H&E slides, they were stained immunohistochemically. Then the IHC slides were observed in terms of intensity and staining pattern. Finally, datawere analyzed with Wilcoxon and Man-Whitney test (p value 0.05).Conclusion:Expression of p53 was similar in ameloblastoma and OKC. Probably, high expression of p53 in odontogenic epithelial cells was one of the reasons for the OKC aggressive behavior. This findings vindicate biologic behavior of OKC

Visfatin expression in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients: An immunohistochemical analysis

Background: Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, has been suggested as a pro-inflammatory and immunomodulating marker for periodontitis. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of visfatin in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study based on clinical evaluation and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, 13 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals enrolled. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal flap surgery and crown lengthening surgery in periodontal patients and healthy group, respectively. Tissue samples were transferred to a pathology laboratory to determine the degree of inflammatory infiltration by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the level of visfatin expression by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software and paired t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Inflammation grading and visfatin expression were significantly higher in periodontally diseased gingiva compared to the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion: Visfatin expression was increased in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients. Hence, visfatin may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis

Comparison of immunohistochemical expression of CD10 in keratocystic odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), also called keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), is a developmental lesion which should be carefully monitored and it exhibits development mechanisms and biologic behaviors different from those of other more common lesions such as dentigerous and radicular cysts. CD10 antigen is a cell surface metalloendopeptidase, which inactivates various peptides that are physiologically active. Studies have shown that increase in the expression of CD10 in the stromal cells helps the progression of the tumor. Ameloblastoma (AB) is a local invasive tumor and given the role of supporting connective tissue stroma in the aggression and progression. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the expression of CD10 in the connective tissue stroma of AB and OKC as a KCOT. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 14 paraffin blocks of KCOT and 9 of AB (7 multicystic and 2 unicystic) were evaluated with CD10 immunohistochemical expression in the connective tissue stroma of AB and the connective tissue wall of KCOT. The data were analyzed with Fisher′s exact test (P < 0.05). Results: In 8 samples of 9 AB and in 13 samples of 14 KOT lesions, expression of CD10 was shown. Fisher′s exact test did not reveal any significant differences between these two lesions in the expression of CD10 (P = 0.64). Conclusion: The results of this study propose that high expression rate of CD10 might be one of the reasons for the aggressive behavior of AB and high recurrence rate of OKC and reinforce the classification of OKC as an odontogenic tumor

Evaluation of Dentists’ Attitudes Towards Principles of Professional Ethics

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate attitudes towards principles of professional ethics (PPE) amongst Iranian dentists working in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 273 dentists in Isfahan, Iran. A validated, comprehensive questionnaire including principles of respect for patient autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice was used to evaluate dentistry professional ethics aspects. Age, gender, marital status, type of graduate university, level of education, specialised field of study, work experience, workplace, and participation in ethics workshops and courses were registered from participants. Total and domains scores of used questionnaires were calculated and compared across categories of study participants’ characteristics. Results: Mean ± SD age of participants was 35.4 ± 10.7 years, and 57% were female; about 73% graduated from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and 65% were general dentists. The attitude total score of dentists towards PPE was 133.02 ± 13.16. Mean total score of the questionnaire and its domains was different significantly (P < .05) across categories of level of education, marital status, and passing the ethical courses. Conclusions: The attitude of dentists towards PPE was rated at a good level. However, improvement in attitudes of some specific subgroups such as general dentists and newly graduated ones is needed. Conducting specific workshops about professional ethics and incorporating these principles into university curricula can be beneficial