A knowledge based framework for planning house building projects

This thesis describes the development of a knowledge based systemwhich encapsulates some of the expertise used by a number ofexperienced construction planners for planning the construction stageof low rise house building projects in the U.K.The general objective of the research was to investigate thefeasibility of using knowledge engineering for developing models ofconstruction planning expertise, which could be employed for tacklingsome of the existing knowledge bottlenecks in the constructionindustry.The resulting system can be described as a knowledge basedframework designed for supporting the decision making process involvedin planning house building at a tactical level. One of the mainfeatures of this framework is its ability to cope with incompleteinformation.The knowledge acquisition process involved both the elicitationof knowledge directly from experts, and the analysis of constructionplans from several past housing developments. The model wasimplemented on an expert system shell called LEONARDO Level 3, whichruns in any standard IBM-PC micro-computer or compatibles.The evaluation of the system focused on the validity of themodel, i.e. the degree at which the outcomes of the system resembledthe outcomes of the human expertise being modelled in the knowledgebase. A prescriptive method of validation was devised specifically forthis study, involving both experts that had provided expertise for thesystem, and external experts

Construction and demolition waste - a shift toward Lean Construction and Building Information Model

Waste in the construction industry is a devastating dilemma, especially that construction and demolition activities are considered as the highest waste generator globally. Countries have developed regulations: policy-makers and professional associations have provided norms and policies to manage C&D waste. Previous studies, however, have revealed insufficiencies in the current regulations and norms in incentivizing the industry practices toward waste prevention, since its culture is characterized by the gap in technological use, insufficient knowledge, poor planning, and poor information flow. This research provides a literature review on the current research findings and trends in managing C&D waste. Then based on design theory and theory of production, an exploratory research consisting of BIM and Lean construction concepts is provided. Lean can maximize the value of construction by addressing waste within portfolios, projects, and operations; BIM offers an enhanced collaborative platform with improved design practice and information management throughout buildings’ life cycle. The proposed conceptual framework enables economic, environmental, and social benefits to allow practitioners collaborate, analyze, and minimize construction waste throughout buildings’ life cycle.(undefined

Disseminating research findings: what should researchers do? A systematic scoping review of conceptual frameworks

Background: Addressing deficiencies in the dissemination and transfer of research-based knowledge into routine clinical practice is high on the policy agenda both in the UK and internationally. However, there is lack of clarity between funding agencies as to what represents dissemination. Moreover, the expectations and guidance provided to researchers vary from one agency to another. Against this background, we performed a systematic scoping to identify and describe any conceptual/organising frameworks that could be used by researchers to guide their dissemination activity.Methods: We searched twelve electronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO), the reference lists of included studies and of individual funding agency websites to identify potential studies for inclusion. To be included, papers had to present an explicit framework or plan either designed for use by researchers or that could be used to guide dissemination activity. Papers which mentioned dissemination (but did not provide any detail) in the context of a wider knowledge translation framework, were excluded. References were screened independently by at least two reviewers; disagreements were resolved by discussion. For each included paper, the source, the date of publication, a description of the main elements of the framework, and whether there was any implicit/explicit reference to theory were extracted. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.Results: Thirty-three frameworks met our inclusion criteria, 20 of which were designed to be used by researchers to guide their dissemination activities. Twenty-eight included frameworks were underpinned at least in part by one or more of three different theoretical approaches, namely persuasive communication, diffusion of innovations theory, and social marketing.Conclusions: There are currently a number of theoretically-informed frameworks available to researchers that can be used to help guide their dissemination planning and activity. Given the current emphasis on enhancing the uptake of knowledge about the effects of interventions into routine practice, funders could consider encouraging researchers to adopt a theoretically-informed approach to their research dissemination

An exploratory study on the applicability of process transparency in construction sites

Several industrial sectors have recently experienced important changes on the organization of their production activities, indicating that a new production management paradigm is emerging. Although there is no consensus in the literature about the meaning of this new paradigm, an opportunity has been created for establishing a coherent body of shared principles for the management of production systems. This paper discusses the increase of process transparency, which has been pointed out as one of the core principles of the new production management paradigm. It is concerned with making the production process observable in order to facilitate control and improvement. The main objective of this article is to investigate how this principle can be applied in construction sites, and to identify existing barriers for its implementation in this industry. It is based on a literature review, and on six exploratory case studies carried out in Brazil and England. The practical and theoretical implications of the principle are discussed and a number of examples from construction are used to illustrate its main points. The study has indicated that it is feasible and worthwhile to apply this principle in construction sites. It can bring direct benefits for the performance of production systems, and it can also be used as a support principle that enables other principles to be effectively implemented. The case studies also indicated that there is much potential for increasing process transparency in construction sites

Benchmarking initiatives in the construction industry: lessons learned and improvement opportunities.

Benchmarking is a systematic process of measuring and comparing an organization's performance against that of other similar organizations in key business activities. The lessons learned from other companies can be used to establish improvement targets and to promote changes in the organization. The benchmarking process can create a fertile ground for ideas, but only in a receptive environment; companies that share good practices and compare their performance against others benefit most. Recently, industry groups in several different countries have initiated benchmarking programs focused mainly on construction performance measures. This paper describes the scope of these initiatives and discusses the lessons learned and improvement opportunities that were identified in their design and implementation. This investigation is focused on four initiatives, carried out in Brazil, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This paper concludes by recommending some further directions on this research topic