48 research outputs found
The Prophecies of the Naysayers - Assessing the Vision of the Protectionists in the U.S.-Canada Debate on Agricultural Reciprocity, 1846-1854
Debates over proposals to liberalise international trade are often heated and acrimonious. They are often argued, in part, on the basis of projections of market conditions after the proposed liberalisation. These argument are often important in influencing trade policy decisions, yet their accuracy is seldom assessed after liberalisation takes place. As a result, the projections may be more influential than they should be. This paper examines the projections of protectionists in the debate surrounding a proposed reciprocity agreement between the United States and British North America over the period 1846-1854 as a case study. The protectionist prophesies on both sides of the border were found not to be supported by the evidence from the subsequent period of reciprocity. A number of reasons for the inaccuracy of the projections are identified.agriculture, protection, reciprocity, trade agreement, International Relations/Trade,
A Parent-Teacher Association in Every School!
Twelve thousand new members have joined the ranks of the Iowa Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations the past year. What does this vast increase mean? It means that Iowa people are realizing that the problems of child welfare are grave and are uniting their efforts to help solve these problems
Children\u27s/Young Adult (YA) Author Event: Tim Green Author Visit
The Childrenâs/Young Adult Author Committee at Olivet Nazarene University received a $2500 Community Engagement Grant from the university. Because of this grant, the university hosted Tim Green, a former NFL football player who is now authoring books of primary interest to fourth through eighth graders. The success of this grant is difficult to measure, but in numbers, more than 3200 4th - 8th grade students and their teachers attended his speaking events during his two day visit. Green autographed more than 400 books for the attendees. Regarding reading motivation, area teachers have and still are reporting students, boys in particular, who in the past have never read a whole book, but when the teachers give them one of Tim Greenâs books, they return and ask for more of his books to read. The Childrenâs/Young Adult Author Committee plans to continue bringing authors of quality literature to the community
âRound numbers are always falseâ â More EMIC (culturally contingent) than ETIC (universal)? Is national culture a defining facet of leadership in the defence and security sector?
© Cranfield University 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the
copyright ownerLeadership as a function in human groups is found in all corners of the world and
can be traced by as far as the start of recorded history. Plato (428/429 BCE 348/347 BCE) was the first to write about the general attributes that determine
leadership. This quest to identify traits that predict effective leadership continues
to this day. Since the mid-twentieth century, scholarly attempts have been made
to establish a universal theory of leadership that transcends cultural boundaries.
Although the search for a definitive universal model has so far proved
inconclusive, cross-cultural research continues to be focussed on determining
whether aspects of leadership and leadership theory are âuniversalâ (etic) or
culturally contingent (emic) (i.e., unique to culture). The GLOBE project (2004),
the most expansive and significant cross-cultural study to date, found that
although leadership is culturally contingent, universal attributes of leadership
exist. Although cross-cultural research on leadership has exploded in importance
in the last twenty-five years or so, its existence is almost absent in all U.K. defence policy and doctrinal publications. Yet, the MODâs policy position is to be
âinternational by designâ (MOD, 2018) and the recently published Integrated
Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy (MOD, 2021)
signposts deepening defence and security international engagement over the
coming decade.
A critical review was conducted of selected academic and military literature on
leadership, culture, and cross-cultural leadership. A research methodology was
designed and developed to focus on a predominantly quantitative approach. This
was driven primarily by the research question. However, this was offset by open
questions to provide a qualitative element. Therefore, a mixed methods approach
was used in this thesis. The research investigated prototypical leadership in
sixteen countries across four continents. The cross-cultural research, focussed
on equivalence and comparability, was carried out using seven regions as
independent variables. The selection of the âmiddle managerâ strata of leadership (Brigadier General to Major) provided functional equivalence. The
questionnaire sample size was 1067. The survey included closed and open ended questions which were translated into Arabic, Georgian, Ukrainian,
Burmese, Spanish and Korean.
The main findings included the identification of twenty-five essential leader
attributes that were considered essential across seven regions in the defence
and security sector. The thesis failed to reject the null hypothesis that âeffective
leadership attributes, skills and traits in the defence and security sector are
culturally contingent across countries and regions.â The identification of a core of
essential military leader attributes, demonstrating âpartial universalityâ, was offset
by wider findings that showed leadership in the defence and security sector to be
culturally contingent across the sixteen countries. A cross-cultural prototypical
military leadership model was constructed to provide a systematic and structured
understanding of cross-cultural leadership and a means of cross-cultural
comparability. The contextual model is based on seven leader dimensions
encapsulating âpersonality and selfâ, âmotivesâ, âcognitive capacities and skillsâ,
âemotional capacities and social skillsâ, âintegrity and moral characterâ, âteam skillsâ
and âtask skillsâ. Recognising that culture and leadership have a symbiotic relationship, in which one cannot exist without the other (Ayman & Korabik, 2010),
the leadership construct is bound by culture at the micro (individual), meso
(organisational) and macro (national) levels. Finally, the research makes a
discrete contribution towards an etymological study of âleaderâ and âleadershipâ
across cultures. An understanding of the etymology assists with the way we think
about, study and enact leadership (Case et al., 2011). The findings show that a
variance in semantics is indicative of cultural contingency. Notwithstanding this,
there is sufficient similarity to permit a route scheme of meaning.
Recommendations are made to investigate an expeditionary version of the
GLOBE study (2004) questionnaire where data can be collected and collated
efficaciously to contribute to the project from an organisational perspective.
Further research should examine how the GLOBE studyâs six global leadership
dimensions can be applied to the defence and security sector. Follow-on work
should also be carried out to understand the behavioural manifestations of
identified attributes in the defence and security sector. This would make an
important contribution to interoperability workstreams and multinational activities
with allies and partners. A formal review is recommended to address the cross cultural deficit in U.K. Defence and that the doctrinal gap is closed in the re-write
of Leadership in Defence (2004). More broadly, a more coherent approach
should be taken between the defence proponents of leadership and culture.
Recognising both the complexity and importance of cross-cultural leadership, the
Ministry of Defence may wish to take forward the idea of trans-cultural alliances
between leadership schools to promote information exchange and achieve a
better understanding of indigenous military leadership constructs. Finally, a
cross-cultural study into the leadership gender gap in the defence and security
sector would provide a valuable research topic. This would advance the status
of women in professional military forces as culture has been found to be an
obstacle to gender egalitarianism, participation, and advancement in armed
forces around the globe.Ph
The Iowa Homemaker vol.1, no.5-6
Table of Contents
Dean MacKay Takes Well Earned Vacaion by F. W. Beckman, page 1
Playing the Game of Health With Yardstick and Scales by Grace McIlrath and Gladys Dodge, page 2
A Parent-Teacher Association in Every School! by Carolyne E. Forgrave, page 3
Artificial Feeding of Infants Up-to-Date by Belle Lowe, page 4
Making the Most of Your Old Reed Furniture by Glenna Hesse, page 5
The âLittle Houseâ That You Will Like by Helen Paschal, page 6
âThe High School Girlsâ Clothes Lineâ a Playlet, page 7
Practical Phases of the Love Nest by Eda Lord Murphy, page 8
Putting the Jell Into Jellies and Jams by Millie Lerdall, page
Effect of pre-operative education on post-operative pain management among adult patients undergoing elective surgery: An integrative review
Introduction: Adequate pain control for surgical patients is an important aspect of their post-operative care. To manage pain, health care professionals use pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. A significant worldwide increase in the number of surgical procedures and their associated cost has led to a focus on non-pharmacological interventions, like education, to prevent post-operative complications. Education in the pre-operative phase aims to assist patients in overcoming their fears about upcoming surgery, promote pain management and enhance the recovery process. Objective: This integrative review aims to assess the effectiveness of pre-operative education on post-operative pain management among surgical patients. Method:Whittemore and Knaflâs framework guided this integrative review. Three databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2016 and 2022. Twenty-one primary sources reporting the influence of pre-operative education on post-operative pain were selected for review and critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was extracted and thematically analysed, and the results were synthesised. Results: Two themes emerged from data comparison â âfactors affecting preoperative pain educationâ and âoutcomes of pre-operative educationâ. Conclusion: The implementation of pre-operative education is effective in reducing post-operative pain. The results provide a landscape of the current pre-operative education practices, which indicates the need to develop a pain education program for nurses and patients. This education will allow for the implementation of interventions that improve surgical patientsâ post-operative pain
Draft Genome Sequencing of Three Glutaraldehyde-Tolerant Bacteria from Produced Water from Hydraulic Fracturing
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of three glutaraldehyde-resistant isolates from produced water from hydraulic fracturing operations. The three strains were identified as sp. strain G11, sp. strain G15, and sp. strain G16. The genome sequences of these isolates will provide insights into biocide resistance in hydraulic fracturing operations
Foot and ankle injuries during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Major, rare and complex incidents can occur at any mass-gathering sporting event and team medical staff should be appropriately prepared for these. One such event, the Athens Olympic Games in 2004, presented a significant sporting and medical challenge. This study concerns an epidemiological analysis of foot and ankle injuries during the Games.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An observational, epidemiological survey was used to analyse injuries in all sport tournaments (men's and women's) over the period of the Games.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 624 injuries (525 soft tissue injuries and 99 bony injuries) were reported. The most frequent diagnoses were contusions, sprains, fractures, dislocations and lacerations. Significantly more injuries in male (58%) versus female athletes (42%) were recorded. The incidence, diagnosis and cause of injuries differed substantially between the team sports.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our experience from the Athens Olympic Games will inform the development of public health surveillance systems for future Olympic Games, as well as other similar mass events.</p
Biomarker discovery for frontotemporal dementia with TDP-43 pathology
The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.Medicine, Faculty ofPathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department ofGraduat