National Strategy and Implementation Plan for Invasive Species Management

The Chief of the U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest Service has identified invasive species as one of the four critical threats to our Nation’s ecosystems. In response to this national threat,we have evaluated the role of the Forest Service as a leading forest research, forest health, and Federal resource management agency.We are aware of our significant role in addressing invasive species threats at the local, State, and national levels, as well as internationally.We have found the best opportunity for success comes from working strategically, using all our scientific, management, and partnership resources in unison. This document is not designed to serve as a comprehensive, all-encompassing strategy. Instead it is intended to identify a strategic direction for Forest Service programs spanning Research and Development, International Programs, State and Private Forestry, and the National Forest System. To that end, a multidisciplinary team of specialists, managers, and researchers developed this National Strategy and Implementation Plan for Invasive Species Management (national strategy). The strategy is predicated on the following elements: 1. Prevention—Stop invasive species before they arrive. 2. Early detection and rapid response—Find new infestations and eliminate them before they become established. 3. Control and management—Contain and reduce existing infestations. 4. Rehabilitation and restoration—Reclaim native habitats and ecosystems. Interwoven with these program elements is the need to employ a science-based approach,work collaboratively and expand our partnerships, apply a prioritized system for taking action, and improve our efficacy and accountability.This national strategy builds from existing field information, policy, strategic plans, and authorities from Forest Service program areas

Prehistory of Long Valley, Idaho

This thesis deals with a group of artifact collections gathered by local amateurs from a series of sites along the western shoreline of Cascade Reservoir. This study uses these artifacts as a basis to put together a preliminary view of Long Valley prehistory. Outlines of the basic artifact types are formulated and placed into a chronology based upon typological comparisons and obsidian hydration. Previous archaeological work, the ethnohistory, and local geology of the valley are discussed and related ot the sites, used in this study, in order to determine their patterns and characteristics. From these efforts directions for further research and questions concerning the valley\u27s prehistory will be fostered

Quaking Aspen - Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

The suckering of aspen (Populus tremuliodes Michx.) as a highly effective means of vegetative propagation is well known and has been widely studied (Baker 1918; Day 1944; Maini 1967; Schier 1974). Less is known about seed propagation, sometimes viewed as having only minor importance because early research (Baker 1918) had indicated that rare seedling establishment was due to low or nonexistent germinability

Soluble Sugar Concentrations in Needles and Bark of Western White Pine in Response to Season and Blister Rust

Amounts of soluble sugars in certain tissues of 12- to 16-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) trees, each with a blister rust canker girdling about 50 percent of the bole circumference, were compared with rust-free trees. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose extracted from needles and healthy and diseased bark were identified with thin-layer chromatography and quantified with a densitometer. The host\u27s seasonal growth cycle induced changes in sugar concentrations in current, 1- and 2-year needles, but the bole cankers did not. Amounts of bark sugars characterized the activities of the rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) as well as the fall, winter, and summer seasons. The amounts of sugars in the bark decreased toward the cankers\u27 centers except for raffinose and stachyose. The greatest differences in amounts of sugars in rusted and nonrusted bark tissues were found in February

Modeling Moisture Content of Fine Dead Wildland Fuels: Input to the BEHAVE Fire Prediction System

A method for predicting the time-dependent nature of fine fuel moisture is badly needed to support fire behavior prediction systems used in fire management. Of the models available, none met all the requirements of the BEHAVE fire behavior prediction system. The Canadian Fire Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) came closest to meeting our needs and was selected as a base model. Improvements to the FFMC were concentrated on providing a means of accounting for annual and diurnal variation due to solar heating of woody fuels. This was necessary because the FFMC was developed for fuels located within forest stands, a generally shaded condition. Solar heating raises the temperature of the fuel surface and lowers the relative humidity of the film of air surrounding the fuel particle. Formulas describing this near-fuel environment produce the temperature and relative humidity that are then used by FFMC to derive the moisture content. The solar intensity that drives the fuel temperature and relative humidity accounts for latitude, time of year, time of day, aspect, slope, elevation, atmospheric haze, and shade. Shade can be from clouds or overstory trees. Provisions are made to guide the user through tree descriptors necessary to determine expected amount of shade

A Partial Glossary of Elk Management Terms

This glossary helps define terms that have been misused during forest planning. Terms that were developed from research on the influences of timber sales and roads during the summer months have been used inappropriately when referring to winter range, hunting seasons, and other conditions. The glossary is based on the results of an Elk Management Terminology Workshop held at the University of Montana\u27s Lubrecht Experimental Forest on April 3-4, 1990

Container-Grown Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outperform Bareroot Seedlings on Harsh Sites in Southern Utah

Reforestation of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) on the lower elevations of the Dixie National Forest in southern Utah has traditionally been challenging. Replanting has often been necessary, costly, and not always successful. Although this problem is not unique, the low levels of available soil moisture during the spring planting season are probably as critical in the Dixie as anywhere in the Intermountain Region. Until this study was initiated, only bareroot seedlings had been planted

Predicting Regeneration Establishment with the Prognosis Model

Conifer establishment following regeneration timber harvests is predicted by version 2 of the Regeneration Establishment Model, a submodel of the Prognosis Model. The regeneration model covers 10 species for forests in Montana, central Idaho, and northern Idaho. Most harvest and site preparation methods can be simulated so that alternative treatments can be evaluated. Also included in the model is the influence of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura accidentalis) on regeneration success. The model predicts the probability of stocking, seedling density, species composition, and seedling heights 2 to 20 years after harvest. This paper describes the study design, equation development, model formulation, and model behavior for the Regeneration Establishment Model

Evaluating Nonindustrial Private Landowners for Forestry Assistance Programs: A Logistic Regression Approach

As budgets in forest management agencies become more restrictive, cost-effective programs become more important. This paper describes a quantitative tool for setting priorities for the forestry assistance program administered by the Montana Division of Forestry. Logistic regression was used to better identify the type of forest owners to which assistance should be directed. (In logistic regression, the dependent variable is a probability that a certain event or activity will occur.) Data supporting model development were obtained from a questionnaire survey of forest landowners in the western portion of Montana. Four models were developed that pertain to past use of technical assistance, intention to harvest timber, and timber benefits as motivation for forest ownership. The most consistently useful independent variables were geographic region and past timber harvest activity. The author discusses procedures for interpreting results and for rating land ownerships for assistance. One model is discussed in detail, but the discussion is applicable to the other three models. Supporting data are presented for all models