2,3-Difluoro-N-(2-pyrid­yl)benzamide

The title compound, C12H8F2N2O, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The independent mol­ecules differ slightly in conformation; the dihedral angles between the benzene and pyridine rings are 51.58 (5) and 49.97 (4)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules aggregate via N—H⋯Npyridine inter­actions as hydrogen-bonded dimers with the structural motif R 2 2(8), and these dimers are linked via C—H⋯O inter­actions to form a supra­molecular chain

Sitting Time and Waist Circumference Are Associated With Glycemia in U.K. South Asians: Data from 1,228 adults screened for the PODOSA trial

OBJECTIVE-To investigate the independent contributions of waist circumference, physical activity, and sedentary behavior on glycemia in South Asians living in Scotland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Participants were 1,228 (523 men and 705 women) adults of Indian or Pakistani origin screened for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial. All undertook an oral glucose tolerance test, had physical activity and sitting time assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and had waist circumference measured. RESULTS-Mean +/- SD age and waist circumference were 49.8 +/- 10.1 years and 99.2 +/- 10.2 cm, respectively. One hundred ninety-one participants had impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance, and 97 had possible type 2 diabetes. In multivariate regression analysis, ay (0.012 mmol.L-1.year [95% CI 0.006-0.017]) and waist circumference (0.018 mmol.L-1.cm(-1) [0.012-0.024]) were significantly independently associated with fasting glucose concentration, and age (0.032 mmol.L-1.year(-1) [0.016-0.049]), waist (0.057 mmolL(-1).cm(-1) [0.040-0.074]), and sitting time (0.097 mmol.L-1.h(-1).day(-1) [0.036-0.158]) were significantly independently associated with 2-h glucose concentration. Vigorous activity time had a borderline significant association with 2-h glucose concentration (-0.819 mmol.L-1.h(-1).day-1 [-1.672 to 0.034]) in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS-These data highlight an important relationship between sitting time and 2-h glucose levels in U.K. South Asians, independent of physical activity and waist circumference. Although the data are cross-sectional and thus do not permit firm conclusions about causality to be drawn, the results suggest that further study investigating the effects of sitting time on glycemia and other aspects of metabolic risk in South Asian populations is warrante

The ABCD of usability testing

We introduce a methodology for tracking and auditing feedback, errors and suggestions for software packages. This short paper describes how we innovate on the evaluation mechanism, introducing an (Antecedent, Barrier, Consequence and Development) ABCD form, embedded within an eParticipation platform to enable end users to easily report on any usability issues. This methodology will be utilised to improve the STEP cloud eParticipation platform (part of the current STEP Horizon2020 project http://step4youth.eu. The platform is currently being piloted in real life contexts, with the participation of public authorities that are integrating the eParticipation platform into their regular decision-making practices. The project is involving young people, through engagement and motivation strategies and giving them a voice in Environmental decision making at the local level. The pilot evaluation aims to demonstrate how open engagement needs to be embedded within public sector processes and the usability methodology reported here will help to identify the key barriers for wide scale deployment of the platform

Association between walking pace and stroke incidence: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Background and Purpose— Stroke incidence in younger and middle-aged people is growing. Despite this, its associations in this subset of the stroke population are unknown, and prevention strategies are not tailored to meet their needs. This study examined the association between self-reported walking pace and incident stroke. Methods— Data from the UK Biobank were used in a prospective population-based study. Three hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and thirty-seven participants aged 37 to 73 years (52% women) were recruited. The associations of self-reported walking pace with stroke incidence over follow-up were investigated using Cox proportional-hazard models. Results— Among 363,137 participants, 2705 (0.7%) participants developed a fatal or nonfatal stroke event over the mean follow-up period of 6.1 years (interquartile range, 5.4–6.7). Slow walking pace was associated with a higher hazard for stroke incidence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45 [95% CI, 1.26–1.66]; P<0.0001). Stroke incidence was not associated with walking pace among people <65 years of age. However, slow walking pace was associated with a higher risk of stroke among participants aged ≥65 years (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.17–1.72]; P<0.0001). A higher risk for stroke was observed on those with middle (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.01–1.63]; P=0.039) and higher (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.05–1.69]; P=0.012) deprivation levels but not in the least deprived individuals. Similarly, overweight (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04–1.63]; P=0.019) and obese (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.09–1.63]; P=0.004) but not normal-weight individuals had a higher risk of stroke incidence. Conclusions— Slow walking pace was associated with a higher risk of stroke among participants over 64 years of age in this population-based cohort study. The addition of the measurement of self-reported walking pace to primary care or public health clinical consultations may be a useful screening tool for stroke risk