Activism and Legitimation in Israel's Jurisprudence of Occupation

Colonial law need not exclude the colonized in order to subordinate them, and ‘activist’ courts can advance the effect of subordination no less than ‘passive’ courts. As a case study, this article examines the jurisprudential legacy of the Israeli Supreme Court in the context of the prolonged Israeli occupation of Palestine. Applying insights from legal realist, law and society, and critical legal studies scholarship, the article questions the utility of using the activist and passive labels. It illustrates how the Israeli activist court, through multiple legal and discursive moves, has advanced and legitimated the colonization of Palestine; that the court is aware of its role; and that arguments that focus on the court’s informal role do not mitigate this legitimating effect. Unlike other scholars, the article shows that the Israeli court’s role—by extending the power of judicial review to the military’s actions in the occupied areas—is neither novel nor unique or benevolent, as the British colonization of India and the US colonization of Puerto Rico show

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PENTOSES IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

The addition of insulin, or of various enzyme inhibitors, to the intact isolated rat diaphragm causes an increase in pentose space, without causing a corresponding increase in inulin space or in total water. It is suggested that there is a relationship between cellular metabolism and permeability to pentoses. If pentose permeability and glucose permeability are governed by similar mechanisms, this means the glucose permeability might depend on cellular metabolism. However, phenethylbiguanide and pyruvate do not increase the permeability to pentoses, though they do increase glucose uptake. This means that glucose uptake might be increased without a corresponding increase in glucose permeability. Glucose utilization therefore may be governed by several factors of which the cellular permeability is only one.</jats:p

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PENTOSES IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

The addition of insulin, or of various enzyme inhibitors, to the intact isolated rat diaphragm causes an increase in pentose space, without causing a corresponding increase in inulin space or in total water. It is suggested that there is a relationship between cellular metabolism and permeability to pentoses. If pentose permeability and glucose permeability are governed by similar mechanisms, this means the glucose permeability might depend on cellular metabolism. However, phenethylbiguanide and pyruvate do not increase the permeability to pentoses, though they do increase glucose uptake. This means that glucose uptake might be increased without a corresponding increase in glucose permeability. Glucose utilization therefore may be governed by several factors of which the cellular permeability is only one.</jats:p

THE EFFECT OF PHENETHYLBIGUANIDE UPON THE METABOLISM OF THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

Some of the effects of phenethylbiguanide (DBI) upon carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated rat diaphragm have been studied. The addition of this compound to an incubation medium stimulates the uptake of sugars, the breakdown of glycogen, and the output of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate. Free sugar does not accumulate in the diaphragm treated with DBI.</jats:p

THE EFFECT OF PHENETHYLBIGUANIDE UPON THE METABOLISM OF THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

Some of the effects of phenethylbiguanide (DBI) upon carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated rat diaphragm have been studied. The addition of this compound to an incubation medium stimulates the uptake of sugars, the breakdown of glycogen, and the output of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate. Free sugar does not accumulate in the diaphragm treated with DBI.</jats:p

Oral chemotherapy education: Hitting the mark?

221 Background: ASCO’s Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) includes process measures on oral chemotherapy education. Whether achievement of these measures has an impact on clinical outcomes and if an intervention to improve these measures can improve outcomes is not yet known. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients initiated on oral chemotherapy in an academic medical center site and a community oncology practice between January 2016 and October 2019. The primary aim was to compare the time to emergency department (ED) within 90 days from initiation of oral chemotherapy of patients who met the QOPI process measure through an intervention of pharmacist-driven education with a comparison group of patients who had not received formal education. A secondary aim was to assess for a difference in oral chemotherapy medication persistence. Data were also analyzed by demographics, concurrent parenteral therapy, intent of therapy, and disease group. Results: 285 patients in the education group and 284 patients in the non-education group were analyzed. The education group had a higher proportion of patients with gastrointestinal and gynecologic cancers, and a lower proportion of patients with hematologic malignancies, compared to the non-education group. The education group also had a higher proportion of patients treated at the community practice compared to the non-education group. There was no statistical difference in median time-to-ED, with 49 days (IQR 37-74) in the education group and 59 days (IQR 41-60) in the non-education group (p=0.15). Conclusions: In patients receiving oral chemotherapy, pharmacist-driven education with improvement in QOPI process measures did not result in an improvement in time to ED. One factor contributing to this result may be that only 20% of patients required ED-level care within 90 days of starting oral We continue to collect data regarding medication persistence, which may be a more sensitive outcome measure. At this point, further work is needed to determine if achievement or modification of the QOPI oral chemotherapy process measures results in a clinically significant change in outcome. [Table: see text] </jats:p