107 research outputs found
Explaining the role of expertise in the state: the case of Italy
The expert competences of the public bureaucracy are often seen as crucial for the quality and legitimacy of public policies. Yet, the role of expertise in the state varies greatly across countries. How can we explain the position of expert competences in the bureaucracy? The paper examines this question through a historical-institutional analysis of the Italian ministerial bureaucracy. Extending the ‘public service bargains’ framework, it argues that the role of expertise in the state is the result of a bargaining process between civil servants and the politicians that they serve. The paper shows how the peculiar position of expertise in the Italian state – the paucity of technical expertise in the permanent administration, the role of ministerial cabinets as politicized providers of expertise, and the dominance of legal training among civil servants – was the result of a chain of political and bureaucratic strategies and responses.The politics and administration of institutional chang
Análise de peras revestidas com filmes comestÃveis a base de zeÃnas contendo nanopartÃculas de quitosana.
Evaluation of electrical response of poly-anilines in the emeraldine oxidation state as active layer to disposable sensor.
Digestão ácida de materiais biológicos assistida por radiação microondas: emprego de RMN1H para investigação dos produtos reacionais.
Avaliação dos resÃduos reacionais provenientes da digestão ácida de materiais biológicos assistida por radiação micro-ondas.
Investigation of reaction products resulted from biological materials after pressure digestion with diluted nitric acid.
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