1 research outputs found
InfluĆŖncia dos estereĆ³tipos na perceĆ§Ć£o olfativa
Mestrado em Psicologia ForenseO sistema olfativo utiliza sinais quĆmicos para transmitir informaĆ§Ć£o importante na comunicaĆ§Ć£o social. Tem sido demonstrado que o contexto nĆ£o sĆ³ influencia a ativaĆ§Ć£o e manutenĆ§Ć£o de estereĆ³tipos, assim como a perceĆ§Ć£o do odor. Apesar da mais subtil manipulaĆ§Ć£o psicossocial poder influenciar a perceĆ§Ć£o olfativa, estudos que avaliem a influĆŖncia dos estereĆ³tipos na perceĆ§Ć£o olfativa sĆ£o inexistentes. Cada indivĆduo possui um odor corporal Ćŗnico que estĆ” associado ao seu perfil de alelos no Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade, o que permite a distinĆ§Ć£o de indivĆduos da mesma espĆ©cie e de grupos Ć©tnicos diferentes. Assim, o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar se a ativaĆ§Ć£o implĆcita de estereĆ³tipos raciais, assim como a natureza do odor (caucasiano, negro ou controlo), influencia a perceĆ§Ć£o olfativa. Foram apresentados doze odores (4 de raƧa caucasiana, 4 de raƧa negra e 4 controlo) a participantes de raƧa negra e caucasiana, sob trĆŖs condiƧƵes: condiĆ§Ć£o ācontexto caucasianoā (informaĆ§Ć£o de que todos os odores eram de indivĆduos de raƧa caucasiana), condiĆ§Ć£o ācontexto negroā (informaĆ§Ć£o de que todos os odores eram de indivĆduos de raƧa negra) e condiĆ§Ć£o de controlo (sem qualquer informaĆ§Ć£o). Os odores foram avaliados quanto Ć sua agradabilidade, intensidade, familiaridade, atratividade e ativaĆ§Ć£o. Os principais resultados mostraram que, no geral, os indivĆduos avaliaram os odores corporais como sendo mais intensos e mais ativadores, e menos familiares, agradĆ”veis e atrativos, comparativamente com os odores de controlo. Os resultados mostraram tambĆ©m um consistente efeito na avaliaĆ§Ć£o de odores em funĆ§Ć£o da raƧa do participante, tendo os participantes de raƧa negra avaliado os odores como sendo menos agradĆ”veis e atrativos, em comparaĆ§Ć£o com os participantes de raƧa caucasiana. Para alĆ©m disso, decorrentes da manipulaĆ§Ć£o do contexto, os resultados revelaram ainda efeitos na perceĆ§Ć£o da intensidade dos odores por parte dos indivĆduos. Quando a condiĆ§Ć£o apresentada foi ā contexto negroā os participantes avaliaram os seus odores de pertenƧa como sendo mais intensos, comparativamente com os odores de controlo. Embora o efeito do contexto verbal tenha sido somente observado para a intensidade, Ć© nossa convicĆ§Ć£o que este primeiro estudo representa um importante passo no sentido de continuar a estudar o envolvimento da comunicaĆ§Ć£o social quĆmica na cogniĆ§Ć£o social.The olfactory system uses chemical signals to convey important information in social communication. Studies have demonstrated that the context influences the activation and maintenance of stereotypes, as well as the olfactory perception. However, although the most subtle psychosocial manipulation can influence the olfactory perception, literature regarding the influence of stereotypes in olfactory perception is lacking. Each individual has their own body odor, which is associated to their profile of alleles in the Principal Complex of Histocompatibility (MHC) and allows to distinguish individuals in relation to their own specie and different ethnic groups. The present study aims to evaluate if implicit activation of racial stereotypes and the nature of the odor (caucasian, black, or control) influences olfactory perception. Twelve odors were presented (4 caucasian odors, 4 black odors, and 4 control odors) to caucasian and black participants under three conditions: 1) Caucasian context (participants were told that all odors were from caucasian individuals), 2) Black context (participants were told that all odors were from black individuals), and 3) Control condition (no information was given to participants). The odors were rated regarding their pleasantness, intensity, familiarity, attractiveness, and general activation. The results revealed that participants evaluated body odor (caucasian and black) as more intense and more activating, but less familiar, pleasant and attractive, compared to control odors. Moroever, results showed a consistent effect of odors subjective ratings as a function of the participants race. Black participants evaluated odors as less pleasant and attractive, in comparison to caucasian participants. Additionally results also showed an effect of the context in the perception of the odorsā intensity. In the āblack contextā condition, participants evaluated their ownās race odors as more intense, in comparison to odors from the control condition. Although the effect of context was only showed regarding intensity, we believe this first study represents an important step for future research regarding the involvement of chemical social communication in social cognition