2,037 research outputs found
Two-Dimensional Scaling Limits via Marked Nonsimple Loops
We postulate the existence of a natural Poissonian marking of the double
(touching) points of SLE(6) and hence of the related continuum nonsimple loop
process that describes macroscopic cluster boundaries in 2D critical
percolation. We explain how these marked loops should yield continuum versions
of near-critical percolation, dynamical percolation, minimal spanning trees and
related plane filling curves, and invasion percolation. We show that this
yields for some of the continuum objects a conformal covariance property that
generalizes the conformal invariance of critical systems. It is an open problem
to rigorously construct the continuum objects and to prove that they are indeed
the scaling limits of the corresponding lattice objects.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
A line-binned treatment of opacities for the spectra and light curves from neutron star mergers
The electromagnetic observations of GW170817 were able to dramatically
increase our understanding of neutron star mergers beyond what we learned from
gravitational waves alone. These observations provided insight on all aspects
of the merger from the nature of the gamma-ray burst to the characteristics of
the ejected material. The ejecta of neutron star mergers are expected to
produce such electromagnetic transients, called kilonovae or macronovae.
Characteristics of the ejecta include large velocity gradients, relative to
supernovae, and the presence of heavy -process elements, which pose
significant challenges to the accurate calculation of radiative opacities and
radiation transport. For example, these opacities include a dense forest of
bound-bound features arising from near-neutral lanthanide and actinide
elements. Here we investigate the use of fine-structure, line-binned opacities
that preserve the integral of the opacity over frequency. Advantages of this
area-preserving approach over the traditional expansion-opacity formalism
include the ability to pre-calculate opacity tables that are independent of the
type of hydrodynamic expansion and that eliminate the computational expense of
calculating opacities within radiation-transport simulations. Tabular opacities
are generated for all 14 lanthanides as well as a representative actinide
element, uranium. We demonstrate that spectral simulations produced with the
line-binned opacities agree well with results produced with the more accurate
continuous Monte Carlo Sobolev approach, as well as with the commonly used
expansion-opacity formalism. Additional investigations illustrate the
convergence of opacity with respect to the number of included lines, and
elucidate sensitivities to different atomic physics approximations, such as
fully and semi-relativistic approaches.Comment: 27 pages, 22 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1702.0299
Scaling limit for a drainage network model
We consider the two dimensional version of a drainage network model
introduced by Gangopadhyay, Roy and Sarkar, and show that the appropriately
rescaled family of its paths converges in distribution to the Brownian web. We
do so by verifying the convergence criteria proposed by Fontes, Isopi, Newman
and Ravishankar.Comment: 15 page
The Brownian Web: Characterization and Convergence
The Brownian Web (BW) is the random network formally consisting of the paths
of coalescing one-dimensional Brownian motions starting from every space-time
point in . We extend the earlier work of Arratia
and of T\'oth and Werner by providing characterization and convergence results
for the BW distribution, including convergence of the system of all coalescing
random walkssktop/brownian web/finale/arXiv submits/bweb.tex to the BW under
diffusive space-time scaling. We also provide characterization and convergence
results for the Double Brownian Web, which combines the BW with its dual
process of coalescing Brownian motions moving backwards in time, with forward
and backward paths ``reflecting'' off each other. For the BW, deterministic
space-time points are almost surely of ``type'' -- {\em zero} paths
into the point from the past and exactly {\em one} path out of the point to the
future; we determine the Hausdorff dimension for all types that actually occur:
dimension 2 for type , 3/2 for and , 1 for , and 0
for and .Comment: 52 pages with 4 figure
Analytical results for a Bessel function times Legendre polynomials class integrals
When treating problems of vector diffraction in electromagnetic theory, the
evaluation of the integral involving Bessel and associated Legendre functions
is necessary. Here we present the analytical result for this integral that will
make unnecessary numerical quadrature techniques or localized approximations.
The solution is presented using the properties of the Bessel and associated
Legendre functions.Comment: 4 page
Model Atmospheres for X-ray Bursting Neutron Stars
The hydrogen and helium accreted by X-ray bursting neutron stars is
periodically consumed in runaway thermonuclear reactions that cause the entire
surface to glow brightly in X-rays for a few seconds. With models of the
emission, the mass and radius of the neutron star can be inferred from the
observations. By simultaneously probing neutron star masses and radii, X-ray
bursts are one of the strongest diagnostics of the nature of matter at
extremely high densities. Accurate determinations of these parameters are
difficult, however, due to the highly non-ideal nature of the atmospheres where
X-ray bursts occur. Observations from X-ray telescopes such as RXTE and NuStar
can potentially place strong constraints on nuclear matter once uncertainties
in atmosphere models have been reduced. Here we discuss current progress on
modeling atmospheres of X-ray bursting neutron stars and some of the challenges
still to be overcome.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figure
Scaling Limit and Critical Exponents for Two-Dimensional Bootstrap Percolation
Consider a cellular automaton with state space
where the initial configuration is chosen according to a Bernoulli
product measure, 1's are stable, and 0's become 1's if they are surrounded by
at least three neighboring 1's. In this paper we show that the configuration
at time n converges exponentially fast to a final configuration
, and that the limiting measure corresponding to is in
the universality class of Bernoulli (independent) percolation.
More precisely, assuming the existence of the critical exponents ,
, and , and of the continuum scaling limit of crossing
probabilities for independent site percolation on the close-packed version of
(i.e., for independent -percolation on ), we
prove that the bootstrapped percolation model has the same scaling limit and
critical exponents.
This type of bootstrap percolation can be seen as a paradigm for a class of
cellular automata whose evolution is given, at each time step, by a monotonic
and nonessential enhancement.Comment: 15 page
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