Effets de l’inclusion de feuilles de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dans la ration sur les performances de reproduction du cobaye (Cavia porcellus L.) local camerounais

Soixante-douze cobayes âgés de 6 mois, pesant en moyenne 555,00 ± 58,25 g et répartis de manière aléatoire en 4 lots de 15 femelles et 3 mâles par lot ont été mis en croisement durant 31 jours à l’Université de Dschang afin d’évaluer leurs performances de reproduction. Tous les animaux recevaient ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum associé à 20 g d’une des rations RR0 (Témoin), RR8, RR10 et RR12 contenant 0, 8, 10 et 12% de farine de feuilles de manioc (FFM) respectivement. Les résultats ont montré que la complémentation n’a affecté (P>0,05) ni la croissance pondérale, ni les paramètres de reproduction. Toutefois, les femelles recevant la ration RR8 ont enregistré les taux de fertilité (100%), de fécondité (206,67%) et de viabilité au sevrage (100%) les plus élevés par rapport aux femelles des autres rations. L’augmentation de la FFM dans la ration a réduit (P<0,05) les pertes de poids au terme du sevrage. La complémentation à 10% de FFM a amélioré (P<0,05) les GT (356,56 g) et GMQ (4,99 g) pendant la gestation. L’incorporation de la FFM dans la ration a amélioré les performances de reproduction des cobayes.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Cavia porcellus, Pennisetum purpureum, tourteau de soja, faine de feuilles de manioc, gestation, performances de reproductionEnglish Title: Effects of inclusion of cassava leaf meal (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the diet on reproductive performances of Cameroonian local guinea pig (Cavia porcellus L.)English AbstractSeventy two guinea pigs of six months old, weighing averagely 555.00 ± 58.25 g and distributed randomly in 4 groups of 15 females and 3 males per group were allowed to breed for 31 days at the University  of Dschang in order to evaluate their reproductive performances. All animals received ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum associated to 20 g of one of the experimental diets RR0 (Control), RR8, RR10 and RR12 containing respectively 0, 8, 10 and 12% cassava leaf meal (CLM). Results revealed that complementation did not affect (P>0.05) neither growth rate nor reproductive parameters. Nevertheless, females receiving RR8 diet registered highest fertility (100%), fecundity (206.67 %) and viability rates at weaning (100%) compared to females of other diets. The increase of CLM in the diet reduced (P<0.05) weight losses at weaning. Complementation at 10% of CLM improved (P<0.05) total gain (356.56 g) and mean weekly gain (4.99 g) during the gestation period. The incorporation of CLM in the diet allows improving reproductive performances of guinea pigs.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cavia porcellus, Pennisetum purpureum, soybean meal, cassava leaf meal, gestation, reproductive performance

The keeping quality of LPS-activated milk in the western highlands of Cameroon

The potentials of applying the lactoperoxidase system (LPS) in extending the shelf life of raw milk at ambient temperatures was investigated in the western highlands of Cameroon. Raw milk was LPS-activated by adding various concentrations (ppm) of thiocyanate and peroxide and denoted as 0:0, 7:10 ppm, 10:10 ppm and 20:20 ppm. The keeping quality of the activated milk samples was assessed by the alcohol stability and clot-on-boiling tests, pH changes and titratable acidity. The milk in all the treatments remained fresh during the first 12 hours but the control was spoiled by the 15th hour. There was a continuous drop in pH values matched by a steady rise in titratable acidity. For all parameters measured, 20:20ppm was the last treatment to spoil, suggesting that the shelf life of milk increases with increasing concentrations of thiocyanate and peroxide. With small amounts of thiocyanate (20 ppm) and peroxide (20 ppm) the shelf life of raw milk can effectively be extended under Cameroonian conditions by approximately 9 hours without refrigeration. Thus LPS-activated milk can be stored for as long 21 hours, allowing sufficient time for its appropriate disposal

Effects Of Milk Preservation Using The Lactoperoxidase System On Processed Yogurt And Cheese Quality

The lactoperoxidase system (LP-system) is an acceptable chemical method for raw milk preservation, especially in rural areas where refrigeration facilities are absent to farmers. Milk production in most African countries is dominated by small-scale traditional production systems using low yielding local breeds. Therefore, processors who operate in such situations must rely on small volumes of milk from many farmers. Application of the LP-system prolongs the shelf life of raw milk and also encourages grouping of farmers hence facilitating milk collection by processors. The application of the LP-system is a recent preservation method for milk in Cameroon whose efficiency has been proven. Therefore, need arose for further studies on the influence of this method on milk processing as well as the quality dairy products. The LP-system was activated by adding 10 ppm sodium thiocyanate and 8.5 ppm sodium percarbonate to fresh milk. Yoghurt and Bambui cheese were processed separately from treated and untreated (control) milk samples. Yogurt was produced from both the treated and the control milk samples at 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (v/v) culture levels. Yogurt samples were analysed for acidity, protein content and dry matter content while cheese was analysed for butterfat and moisture content. Statistical tests were conducted by Analysis of Variance using the Fisher&apos;s test. Simple organoleptic assessments were conducted to compare yogurt and cheese from the treated and the control milk. Activation of the LP-system delayed lactic acid formation in yogurt during incubation and storage leading to increased energy consumption during processing and an improved keeping quality during storage. LPsystem treatment reduced the overall organoleptic quality of yogurt while it improved on that of Bambui cheese. Dry matter content and fat content of yogurt were not significantly affected by LP-system treatment (P<0.05). LP-system treatment did not also affect the moisture and fat content of cheese but slightly improved on its yield

Fatty acid profile of zebu beef cattle from the Central African sub-region

This study analysed the meat fatty acid (FA) composition of three zebu breeds, Gudali (GU), White Fulani (WF) and Red Mbororo (RM), raised on savannah pasture and monitored in the commercial context of the Yaound\ue9 abattoir. Samples of m. longissimus thoracis from 60 bulls belonging to the GU, WF and RM breeds were collected and analysed for fat and FA composition. The fat content of the meat was low, but similar across breeds (1.34 \ub1 0.912 g/100 g muscle, mean \ub1 SD). Meat from the GU breed had higher C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 proportions and lower C18:0 and total saturated FA proportions than WF meat. Red Mbororo meat had an intermediate FA composition compared with the other breeds. The elongase and \u3949 desaturase indices were comparable among breeds. In summary, the results indicate that there are minimal differences in beef FA composition of the three breeds from the Central African sub-region. Additionally, based on the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) proportion, 13.9% of the total lipids and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, 1.95, consumption of beef from these breeds could be beneficial to human health. This is possibly owing to the pasture feeding and low fat content of the beef