Evaluer les services rendus par un atelier volailles avec parcours : proposition du cadre conceptuel Bouquet

National audienc

BOUQUET - Une méthode pour évaluer les services rendus par les ateliers de volailles plein-air

In free-range poultry production, the management of the outdoor run is firstly designed to provide comfortto the animals. However, other services can be provided, such as improvement in income, contribution todirect and indirect jobs, or carbon storage and maintenance of biodiversity. In order to better considerthem, these services need to be identified and quantified, which will make it possible a better reasoningof the outdoor run management. Developed by a group of experts, the service evaluation method, knownas the BOUQUET method, focusing on free-range production units (meat, eggs and fat palmipeds), was discussed and adjusted with representatives of its potential users (farmers, technicians, advisers, etc.) inthree production regions of France (West, South-East and South-West). The method considers 13services divided into 5 categories. Those services are evaluated with a set of 29 indicators. Theassessment takes half a day in three steps: i) mapping with an aerial picture of the site, ii) interview of thefarmer and iii) measurements on the outdoor run studied. Data are then entered into a calculator whichtransforms them in scores for each service and provides a global representation of results by category ofservices. The analysis of these results allows the farmer to have a reflective approach of the managementof his outdoor run, to establish a dialogue with his adviser, and to discuss an appropriate action planaccording to his own constraints and objectives.En élevage avicole plein-air, l’aménagement des parcours est raisonné en premier lieu pour apporter duconfort aux volailles. Toutefois, d’autres services peuvent être fournis, comme l’amélioration du revenu,la contribution aux emplois directs et indirects ou encore le stockage de carbone et le maintien de labiodiversité. Ces services nécessitent d’être explicités et quantifiés afin de mieux les prendre en compte,et ainsi mieux raisonner l’aménagement et la gestion des parcours. Développée par un groupe d’experts,la méthode d’évaluation des services, dite méthode BOUQUET, qui concerne les ateliers avicoles (chair,ponte et palmipèdes gras) avec parcours, a été discutée et ajustée avec des utilisateurs potentiels(éleveurs, techniciens, conseillers…) dans trois bassins de production (Ouest, Sud-Est et Sud-Ouest). Laméthode considère 13 services répartis en 5 catégories. Ces services sont quantifiés à l’aide de 29indicateurs. L’évaluation se déroule en trois phases sur une demi-journée : i) travail cartographique àpartir d’une photo aérienne du site, ii) entretien avec l’éleveur et iii) mesures sur le parcours étudié. Lesdonnées sont ensuite saisies dans un calculateur qui les transforme en scores pour chaque service etrestitue une représentation globale des résultats par catégorie de services. L’analyse de ces résultatspermet à l’éleveur de faire évoluer son un regard sur la gestion et l’aménagement des parcours,d’instaurer un dialogue avec ses conseillers, et de discuter d’un plan d’action approprié en fonction deses propres contraintes et aspirations

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease