O Val de Barcala e as súas bases lingüísticas galegas no Catastro de Ensenada (século XVIII)

O Catastro de Ensenada é un dos documentos máis prezados polos distintos investigadores humanísticos para as súas pescudas sobre a Idade Moderna galega e española, se ben o seu proceso de edición carece aínda de uniformidade e de amplitude. A través deste traballo propoñemos unha nova metodoloxía para a súa edición tomando como base seis documentos catastrais da comarca galega da Barcala e levamos a cabo, a partir da edición, un estudo lingüístico centrado no seu valor como fonte indirecta para o coñecemento do galego medio, elaborando índices onomásticos (toponímico e antroponímico) e analizando detalladamente os galeguismos presentes nos textos. Por último, introducimos análises sobre os nomes, apelidos e topónimos que conteñen os documentos. Con esta tese queremos poñer ao dispor da comunidade investigadora unha rica fonte de estudo para o coñecemento do galego nunha fase histórica en que a tarefa se complica porque son escasos os documentos ao noso alcance para facela. Obviamente, con ela queremos mostrar tamén que todo o Catastro da Ensenada debe ser explorado con sistematicidade na investigación sobre o galego medio

Toponímia galega e brasileira. Similitudes e diferenças históricas à luz do conflito linguístico

Galiza e Brasil constituem duas entidades políticas e sociais bem diferenciadas e afastadas geograficamente, mas com peculiaridades históricas e linguísticas similares: ao já conhecido fato de ter surgido a língua hegemônica falada hoje no Brasil no território do Antigo Reino de Galiza soma-se o fato de que ambas foram submetidas, em maior ou menor grau e com maior ou menor êxito, a um processo de substituição linguística que afetou à(s) língua(s) autóctone(s) de cada uma delas. Através de documentos históricos e presentes, analisamos a toponímia de ambas as entidades, Galiza e Brasil, detendo-nos nas similitudes e nas diferenças sociolinguísticas de ambas provocadas por aquele conflito linguístico

Campo léxico-semântico de galego nos dicionários de português europeu. Contributos para a análise da imagem da Galiza em Portugal

No imaginário coletivo português, a palavra galego não se limita apenas a designar, como gentílico, os habitantes da vizinha Galiza nem algo a ela relativo. Diferentes investigadores desde o século XX vêm analisando distintos significados do termo e os valores culturais associados em Portugal. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para essa análise com a novidade de examinar as definições de aceções pertencentes ao campo lexical galego num elenco de dicionários portugueses do século XVI até à atualidade. Sob essa premissa, e através dum levantamento da informação contida em cada entrada e da elaboração de tabelas de frequência, será analisado o campo lexical e semântico de galego. Isso vai permitir observar a evolução dos significados ao longo dos séculos, e, por sua vez, identificar os usos pejorativos ou com conotações negativas do termo em Portugal, bem como tornar patente a parcialidade de alguns dicionários no uso das marcas lexicográficas

Campo léxico-semântico de galego nos dicionários de português europeu. Contributos para a análise da imagem da Galiza em Portugal

In the Portuguese collective worldview, the word galego is not only limited to designating, as a gentilic, the inhabitants of neighbouring Galicia or aspects related to it. Since the 20th century, different researchers have been analysing different meanings of the term and its associated cultural values in Portugal. This paper aims to contribute to that analysis with the novelty of examining the definitions of meanings belonging to the galego lexical field in a cast of Portuguese dictionaries from the 16th century to the present day. Under this premise, collecting information contained in each entry and elaborating frequency tables, the lexical and semantic field of galego will be analysed. This will allow us to observe the evolution of meanings over the centuries and, in turn, identify the pejorative or negative connotations of the term in Portugal, as well as to make evident the bias of some dictionaries in the use of lexicographical marks.No imaginário coletivo português, a palavra galego não se limita apenas a designar, como gentílico, os habitantes da vizinha Galiza nem algo a ela relativo. Diferentes investigadores desde o século XX vêm analisando distintos significados do termo e os valores culturais associados em Portugal. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para essa análise com a novidade de examinar as definições de aceções pertencentes ao campo lexical galego num elenco de dicionários portugueses do século XVI até à atualidade. Sob essa premissa, e através dum levantamento da informação contida em cada entrada e da elaboração de tabelas de frequência, será analisado o campo lexical e semântico de galego. Isso vai permitir observar a evolução dos significados ao longo dos séculos, e, por sua vez, identificar os usos pejorativos ou com conotações negativas do termo em Portugal, bem como tornar patente a parcialidade de alguns dicionários no uso das marcas lexicográficas

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good