Prevalência e fatores associados às geo-helmintíases em crianças residentes em municípios com baixo IDH no Norte e Nordeste brasileiros / Prevalence and factors associated with geohelminth infections in children living in municipalities with low HDI in North and Northeast Brazil

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-01-07T18:16:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fonseca, Eduardo Oyama Lins et al. Prevalence and factors....pdf: 106201 bytes, checksum: d1cd49ab0ef3c2df7cd03c293c9654cf (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T18:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fonseca, Eduardo Oyama Lins et al. Prevalence and factors....pdf: 106201 bytes, checksum: d1cd49ab0ef3c2df7cd03c293c9654cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância da Saúde. Brasília, DF, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilPara determinar a prevalência de geo-helmintíases e identificar fatores associados a sua ocorrência, foram realizados inquéritos coprológicos em amostra de crianças entre 5 e 14 anos de idade, residentes em dez municípios brasileiros com baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. Aplicou-se questionário aos responsáveis, obtendo-se informações sócio-econômicas e ambientais e foi feita coleta de fezes. Estimaram-se prevalências de geohelmintos segundo variáveis de interesse e se avaliaram os fatores de risco mediante regressão logística multinível. Das 2.523 crianças estudadas, 36,5 por cento eram portadoras de um ou mais geohelmintos (Ascaris lumbricoides 25,1 por cento; ancilostomídeos 15,3 por cento, Trichuris trichiura 12,2 por cento). A proporção de geo-helmintíases para o conjunto na zona rural foi 45,7 por cento; na urbana, 32,2 por cento. Baixa renda familiar (OR = 1,75; 1,38-2,23), baixa escolaridade materna (OR = 1,69; 1,39-2,06), presença de lixo próximo ao domicílio (OR = 1,50; 1,22-1,84) e maior número de pessoas no domicílio (OR = 1,41; 1,17-1,71) mostraram-se associadas a tais infecções. Conclui-se que a ocorrência destas parasitoses está relacionada às condições sócio-econômicas e evidencia a importância de intervenções públicas direcionadas à melhoria das condições de vida para sua prevenção.Stool surveys were conducted to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors for geohelminth infections among children in ten Brazilian municipalities with low human development indices (HDI). Socioeconomic and environmental data were obtained from the children's parents or guardians, and stool samples were examined. The proportion of geohelminth infections according to target variables was calculated. Risk factors were evaluated using multilevel logistic regression. Of the 2,523 children, 36.5 percent were infected with one or more geohelminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, 25.1 percent; hookworm, 15.3 percent; Trichuris trichiura, 12.2 percent). Overall prevalence of geohelminth infections was 45.7 percent in rural areas and 32.2 percent in urban areas. Low family income (OR = 1.75; 1.38-2.23), low maternal schooling (OR = 1.69; 1.39-2.06), presence of garbage near the home (OR = 1.50; 1.22-1.84), and number of individuals in the household (OR = 1.41; 1.17-1.71) were associated with infection. In conclusion, geohelminth infections were closely related to socioeconomic conditions, thus emphasizing the importance of targeted public interventions to improve living conditions as part of sustainable prevention

Estudo experimental sobre a ação de larvicidas em populações de Aedes aegypti do município de Itabuna, Bahia, em condições simuladas de campo

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar, em condições simuladas de campo, a eficácia do pyriproxyfen (hormônio juvenil), do novaluron (inibidor de quitina) e do spinosad (biolarvicida) no controle do Aedes aegypti. Métodos: exposição periódica de larvas de Ae. aeypti obtidas em Itabuna a recipientes tratados com os larvicidas, e comparação do efeito residual do tratamento com cepa Rockfeller. Resultados: o efeito inibitório na emergência de adultos, após 60 dias, foi de 89,5% spinosad, 96,5% novaluron e 75,4% pyriproxifen para larvas de Itabuna, não havendo diferença estatística (p=0,412) entre os tratamentos; spinosad e novaluron apresentaram maior percentual de mortalidade na fase larval, 98,8% e 97,9% respectivamente; pyriproxifen apresentou mortalidade maior na fase pupal, 95,1%. Conclusão: os três larvicidas apresentaram controle semelhante; no entanto, o pyriproxifen pode deixar a falsa impressão de positividade dos criadouros, por agir em fase pupal, comprometendo os indicadores de infestação que são parâmetros estratégicos para as ações de controle

Susceptibility characterization of residual Brazilian populations of Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to deltamethrin pyrethroid

INTRODUCTION: Despite years of efforts towards the elimination of Triatoma infestans in Brazil, residual foci still persist in some areas of the States of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. The persistence of these T. infestans populations in the country has two different origins of equal concern: operational failures or insecticide resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility profile of the residual Brazilian populations of T. infestans to deltamethrin. METHODS: The susceptibility reference lineage was derived from Cipein/Argentina. The populations studied were manually collected using a dislodging agent in peridomiciles in the States of Bahia (Novo Horizonte) and of Rio Grande do Sul (Santa Rosa and Doutor Maurício Cardoso). Serial dilutions of deltamethrin were prepared and applied at the dorsal abdomen of first instar nymphs. The control group received only pure acetone. Mortality was evaluated after 72h. Qualitative tests assessed the mortality of a diagnostic dose of 1xLD99 (2.76ng a.i./nymph) determined for the susceptibility reference lineage. RESULTS: The susceptibility profile characterization of the T. infestans populations revealed an RR50 ranging from 1.73 to 3.26. The mortality percentage in response to a diagnostic dose was 100%. The results obtained in the quantitative and qualitative assays corresponded for all populations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the persistence of residual foci of T. infestans in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul is not related to insecticide resistance but may be associated with operational failures. In Rio Grande do Sul, we must consider the possibility of continuous reinfestation by Argentinian individuals, which justifies active and efficient epidemiological surveillance

Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field.

Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes and have caused several outbreaks in world over the past ten years. Morphological identification of mosquitos is currently restricted due to the small number of adequately trained professionals. We implemented a computational model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from mosquito images to identify adult mosquitoes from the species Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. To train the CNN to perform automatic morphological classification of mosquitoes, we used a dataset that included 4,056 mosquito images. Three neural networks, including LeNet, AlexNet and GoogleNet, were used. During the validation phase, the accuracy of the mosquito classification was 57.5% using LeNet, 74.7% using AlexNet and 83.9% using GoogleNet. During the testing phase, the best result (76.2%) was obtained using GoogleNet; results of 52.4% and 51.2% were obtained using LeNet and AlexNet, respectively. Significantly, accuracies of 100% and 90% were achieved for the classification of Aedes and Culex, respectively. A classification accuracy of 82% was achieved for Aedes females. Our results provide information that is fundamental for the automatic morphological classification of adult mosquito species in field. The use of CNN's is an important method for autonomous identification and is a valuable and accessible resource for health workers and taxonomists for the identification of some insects that can transmit infectious agents to humans

Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-05-02T11:21:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-05-02T11:39:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-02T11:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais. Salinas, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.MIVEGEC Laboratory. IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Proteção à Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo. Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental. Vitória, ES, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória, ES, Brasil.MIVEGEC Laboratory. IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.Institut Pasteur. Arboviruses and Insect Vectors. Paris, France.UMR BIPAR. Animal Health Laboratory. ANSES. INRA. Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented