Disinhibition and reward sensitivity in relation to alcohol consumption by university undergraduates

Deficits of prefrontal cortex functioning and associated executive cognitive impairments are well-known correlates of chronic alcoholism and may reflect cumulative effects of high alcohol exposure. However, such associations may also reflect traits predating alcohol exposure which predispose to heavy drinking. In the present investigation, 60 university undergraduates aged 18–25 years were administered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). All participants reported they were at least occasional drinkers who rarely or never used illicit drugs and had no reported history of head injury or neurological problems. All were sober at time of testing. AUDIT total scores were positively correlated with both FrSBe Disinhibition scores and SPSRQ Reward Sensitivity scores. The latter were negatively correlated with age at onset of regular alcohol use. High risk drinkers (as defined by AUDIT) had higher FrSBe Disinhibition and SPSRQ Reward Sensitivity scores compared to low risk drinkers. Findings indicate that even in a highly selected subset of young adults–undergraduates attending a prestigious private university–associations may be present between indices of prefrontal cortex dysfunction and alcohol consumption, perhaps reflecting traits that predispose to heavy drinking

Speech-language pathology services in Australian and New Zealand pediatric burn units and chemical ingestion injury

To date, little is known regarding the extent and nature of involvement of speech-language pathology (SLP) services within pediatric burn settings. The aim of this clinical service study was to investigate the role of SLP services within burn teams across Australia and New Zealand. Eleven pediatric burn units were identified as members of the Australian and New Zealand Burn Association Bi National Burns Registry. Representatives from both burn units and SLP departments at each setting were sent a link to a purpose-built online questionnaire. Seven responses from eight centers were received, with paired responses (burn units and SLP departments) being obtained from six centers. Pediatric burn units and SLP departments were found to differ in perceptions of SLP involvement in burn care. No burn units reported utilization of a protocol for referral to SLP. Dysphagia, followed by orofacial contracture management was the most frequently reported areas of SLP involvement, and multidisciplinary contribution within these areas was recognized. A majority (71%) of SLP departments reported involvement with chemical ingestion injury; however, referral rates were low. This study confirms that SLP services are utilized within Australian and New Zealand pediatric burn units, and SLPs are involved with pediatric patients with chemical ingestion injuries. However, potential exists for increased SLP input. There is also evident needed for established guidelines surrounding referrals and greater education regarding the role of SLPs within pediatric burn care

Fall of Giants: Runtuhnya Dinasti Raksasa

Bukan hanya Woodrow Wilson, Wilhelm II, atau Winston Churcill yang menjadi aktor dalam Perang Dunia I. Para diplomat, prajurit, buruh pabrik, wanita pembela hak perempuan, dan rakyat biasa lainnya juga terlibat dalam salah satu perang terbesar yang pernah tercatat dalam buku sejarah umat manusia ini.Walter hanya punya satu malam saja bersama istrinya sebelum ia kembali ke Jerman. Fitz harus melewatkan kesempatan melihat anaknya lahir karena harus memimpinpasukan Inggris. Grigori harus membawa kekecewaan akan nasibnya di medan tempur dan Billy muda harus memimpin teman-temannya dalam Pertempuran Somme, pertempuran yang menjadi bencana bagi bangsa Inggris.Dari Wahington ke St. Petersburg, dari tambang batu bara yang kotor dan berbahaya ke istana-istana nan mega, dari ruang sidang para menteri sampai kamar tidur sang raja, hidup tokoh-tokoh tersebut saling terkait dalam intrik-intrik yang menghancurkan negara-negara kerajaan di Eropa.xii, 928 hlm,; 18x24,5 c

Bicultural Stress: An Aboriginal Community Perspective

A survey was designed to assess and to compare the levels of stress being experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal respondents. The survey covered a range of areas including demographics, access to transport, drug and alcohol use, use of public services, identification of stressful events in the past 12 months and a self evaluation of stress symptoms. The groups were matched by age, sex and income. The results showed differences between the stressful events and stress symptoms reported by the two groups, with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander group reporting considerably higher levels. There were significant differences in access to transport and use of public health facilities. The barriers to the use of public health services were identified. A major finding was that 69% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sample experienced more than one loss through death compared to 5% of the non-Aboriginal sample in the previous 12 months. It was concluded that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sample experienced more stressful events, had more stress related symptoms and used public mental health services less than the non-Aboriginal sample. The barriers to use of services were a lack of cultural sensitivity and the discomfort experienced by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sample when accessing services. A partnership with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community is required to develop a public health service that is acceptable and useful to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sample.</jats:p