The genesis and achievement of a limnologist: George Evelyn Hutchinson, 1903-1991

An obituary of the limnologist G.E. Hutchinson is given

Addressing the Spiritual Needs of People Aging with Dementia and/or Lifelong Disabilities

Educational Objectives 1. Present the need for spiritual care as part of holistic care for people living with dementia and/or lifelong disabilities. 2. Distinguish the difference between spirituality and religion. 3. Discuss how to assess the spiritual needs of people living with dementia and/or lifelong disabilities. 4. Show through case study examples specific ways to address the spiritual needs of people living with dementia and/or lifelong disabilities

Do we expect to find the Super-Earths close to the gas giants?

We have investigated the evolution of a pair of interacting planets embedded in a gaseous disc, considering the possibility of the resonant capture of a Super-Earth by a Jupiter mass gas giant. First, we have examined the situation where the Super-Earth is on the internal orbit and the gas giant on the external one. It has been found that the terrestrial planet is scattered from the disc or the gas giant captures the Super-Earth into an interior 3:2 or 4:3 mean-motion resonance. The stability of the latter configurations depends on the initial planet positions and on eccentricity evolution. The behaviour of the system is different if the Super-Earth is the external planet. We have found that instead of being captured in the mean-motion resonance, the terrestrial planet is trapped at the outer edge of the gap opened by the gas giant. This effect prevents the occurrence of the first order mean-motion commensurability. These results are particularly interesting in light of recent exoplanet discoveries and provide predictions of what will become observationally testable in the near future.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Extra-solar Planets in Multi-body Systems: Theory and Observations"; eds. K. Gozdziewski, A. Niedzielski and J. Schneider, EAS Publication Serie

Terrestrial planet formation in low eccentricity warm-Jupiter systems

We examine the effect of giant planet migration on the formation of inner terrestrial planet systems. We consider situations in which the giant planet halts migration at semi-major axes in the range 0.13 - 1.7 AU due to gas disk dispersal. An N-body code is employed that is linked to a viscous gas disk algorithm capable of simulating: gas loss via accretion onto the central star and photoevaporation; gap formation by the giant planet; type II migration of the giant; optional type I migration of protoplanets; gas drag on planetesimals. We find that most of the inner system planetary building blocks survive the passage of the giant planet, either by being shepherded inward or scattered into exterior orbits. Systems of one or more hot-Earths are predicted to form and remain interior to the giant planet, especially if type II migration has been limited, or where type I migration has affected protoplanetary dynamics. Habitable planets in low eccentricity warm-Jupiter systems appear possible if the giant planet makes a limited incursion into the outer regions of the habitable zone (HZ), or traverses its entire width and ceases migrating at a radial distance of less than half that of the HZ's inner edge. We conclude that Type II migration does not prevent terrestrial planet formation.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 18 pages, 12 figures, 2 table

A Frayed Connection: Joblessness Among Teens in Chicago

The report examines the post-2000 decline in teen employment, which is part of a broader pattern of decline in employment rates among large parts (but not all) of the working-age population in the U.S. and Illinois. In Illinois the chance that a teen will be employed has fallen nearly in half since 2000. While about half of all teens in Illinois were employed at the end of the 1990s, by 2011-2013 just over one in four teens were working. Young adults aged 20-24 in the state also experienced very large reductions in their employment rate, which fell from 73 to 60 percent over the decade-plus period. A look at the findings reveal that while employment rates declined for all residents of the state under the age of 55, older workers (55 and over) increased their rate of employment during this time period; especially workers aged 65 and older. These data reveal an odd reversal in the composition of who gets work. As baby boomers reach pre-retirement and retirement years they are more likely to work. Moreover, there is considerable evidence that these older workers became employed in entry-level occupations where teen employment was most heavily concentrated

Where to find facial artery perforators: a reference point

Reconstructive surgery of the midface using facial artery perforator (FAP) flaps is being used more frequently now as it has been reported to provide better aesthetic results and reduce a traditional two-stage procedure to a one-stage technique. Wide acceptance of this approach is limited by poor understanding of the anatomy associated with this technique however. This was investigated through a cadaveric study. The facial artery (FA) of 16 cadaveric half faces were each identified, cannulated with coloured latex, and then dissected to give an accurate and quantified description of FA perforating branches. A lateral view picture of each specimen was taken and analysed using ImageJ 1.42q. Cadaveric dissections showed that each hemiface could be regarded as a single entity. Means: FA length = 116±22 mm, FA diameter = 2.62±0.74mm, number of FAPs = 4±2, FAP length = 14.12±3.46 mm, FAP diameter = 0.94±0.29 mm. A reference point, A, where FAPs were consistently found to originate was also identified. Therefore, the FAP flap is a viable and valuable addition to plastic reconstructive techniques. The localisation of point A with precise measurements can facilitate the design and use of such FAP flaps for the reconstruction of nasal, as well as perinasal and perioral defects

On the formation of terrestrial planets in hot-Jupiter systems

We present a series of calculations aimed at examining how an inner system of planetesimals/protoplanets, undergoing terrestrial planet formation, evolves under the influence of a giant planet undergoing inward type II migration through the region bounded between 5 - 0.1 AU. We find that > 60% of the solids disk survives by being scattered by the giant planet into external orbits. Planetesimals are scattered outward almost as efficiently as protoplanets, resulting in the regeneration of a solids disk where dynamical friction is strong and terrestrial planet formation is able to resume. A simulation extended for a few Myr after the migration of the giant planet halted at 0.1 AU, resulted in an apparently stable planet of ~ 2 Earth masses forming in the habitable zone. Migration-induced mixing of volatile-rich material from beyond the `snowline' into the inner disk regions means that terrestrial planets that form there are likely to be water-rich. We predict that hot--Jupiter systems are likely to harbor water-rich terrestrial planets in their habitable zones. These planets may be detected by future planet search missions.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures. Higher resolution pdf available at http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/fogg_nelson2.pd

Challenge and Hope in the North Country

In this brief, authors Lawrence Hamilton, Linda Fogg, and Curt Grimm report on a 2017 survey that asked North Country residents about their perceptions, hopes, and concerns regarding this region. Many of the same questions had been asked on earlier surveys in 2007 and 2010, providing a unique comparative perspective on what has changed or stayed much the same. The authors report that over these years, North Country (northern New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont) residents’ positive views of life in their region have mostly held steady, or in some cases improved, over the past ten years. Residents also express optimism about present and future quality of life in their communities, and the prospects for young adults deciding to return home. There is, however, broad agreement that lack of job opportunities, drug abuse, and population decline are important problems. Despite such problems, there is a strong sense of community: people help each other, trust their neighbors, and feel that they can work together to solve problems. Views on economic development vary from county to county. Less developed places see tourism and recreation, light manufacturing, independent small businesses, and forest-based industry as important to their future. In Grafton County, which has a more diverse economy, perceptions of problems and economic solutions show a different pattern, but the sense of hope and well-being is similarly high

Physical-World Knowledge and Public Views on Climate Change

Climate change is a formidable topic, challenging the research efforts of countless scientists across many different fields. Surveys find surprisingly high levels of confidence among nonscientists, however, regarding their own understanding of climate change. More than threefourths of the respondents on recent U.S. surveys claimed to understand either a moderate amount or a great deal about climate change. Follow-up questions testing actual knowledge suggest that self-assessments are high relative to physical-world knowledge. For some people, self-assessments reflect confidence in their political views rather than geographical or science knowledge. This paper replicates and extends previous research using new data: an October 2018 survey that included a four-item test of basic, climate-relevant but belief-neutral geographical or physical knowledge, such as locations of the North and South Pole. Mean knowledge scores are higher among younger, male, and college-educated respondents, and also differ significantly across political groups. Relationships between physical/geographical knowledge and selfassessed understanding of climate change, or between knowledge and agreement with the scientific consensus on climate change, are sometimes positive as expected — but in both cases, these relationships depend on political identity