In‐Flight Observation of Positron Annihilation by ILDAS

We report a 511‐keV photon flux enhancement that was observed inside a thundercloud and is a result of positron annihilation. The observation was made with the In‐flight Lightning Damage Assessment System (ILDAS) on board of an A340 test aircraft. The aircraft was intentionally flying through a thunderstorm at 12‐km altitude over Northern Australia in January 2016. Two gamma ray detectors showed a significant count rate increase synchronously with fast electromagnetic field variations registered by an on‐board antenna. A sequence of 10 gamma ray enhancements was detected, each lasted for about 1 s. Their spectrum mainly consists of 511‐keV photons and their Compton component. The local electric activity during the emission was identified as a series of static discharges of the aircraft. A full‐scale Geant4 model of the aircraft was created to estimate the emission area. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the positrons annihilated in direct vicinity or in the aircraft body.publishedVersio

Identification of novel TMPRSS2:ERG mechanisms in prostate cancer metastasis: involvement of MMP9 and PLXNA2

International audienceProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the major public health problems in Western countries. Recently, the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion, which results in the aberrant expression of the transcription factor ERG, has been shown to be the most common gene rearrangement in PCa. Previous studies have determined the contributions of this fusion in PCa disease initiation and/or progression in vitro and in vivo. In this study on TMPRSS2:ERG regulation in PCa, we used an androgen receptor and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion double-negative PCa cell model: PC3c. In three cell clones with different TMPRSS2:ERG expression levels, ectopic expression of the fusion resulted in significant induction of cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. In agreement with this phenotype, high-throughput microarray analysis revealed that a set of genes, functionally associated with cell motility and invasiveness, were deregulated in a dose-dependent manner in TMPRSS2:ERG-expressing cells. Importantly, we identified increased MMP9 (Metalloproteinase 9) and PLXNA2 (Plexin A2) expression in TMPRSS2:ERG-positive PCa samples, and their expression levels were significantly correlated with ERG expression in a PCa cohort. In line with these findings, there was evidence that TMPRSS2:ERG directly and positively regulates MMP9 and PLXNA2 expression in PC3c cells. Moreover, PLXNA2 upregulation contributed to TMPRSS2:ERG-mediated enhancements of PC3c cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, and importantly, PLXNA2 expression was upregulated in metastatic PCa tumors compared with localized primary PCa tumors. This study provides novel insights into the role of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in PCa metastasis

A neurophysiological interpretation of the respiratory act

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47945/1/10254_2005_Article_BF02320667.pd

Avis du Conseil d'Etat sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées

Laferrière Ed., du Mesnil Armand, Flourens Abel. Avis du Conseil d'Etat sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 44 n°817, 1888. pp. 278-280

Avis du Conseil d'État sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées

du Mesnil Armand, Laferrière Ed., Flourens Abel. Avis du Conseil d'État sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 44 n°814, 1888. pp. 129-131

Avis du Conseil d'Etat sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées

Laferrière Ed., du Mesnil Armand, Flourens Abel. Avis du Conseil d'Etat sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 44 n°817, 1888. pp. 278-280

Avis du Conseil d'État sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées

du Mesnil Armand, Laferrière Ed., Flourens Abel. Avis du Conseil d'État sur la question de savoir si les communes peuvent s'autoriser de l'article 145 de la loi municipale du 5 avril 1884 pour subventionner les écoles privées. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 44 n°814, 1888. pp. 129-131