Plagiarismus in der Medizin? : Globale Probleme, internationale Erfahrungen und lokale Strategien zur Plagiatsprävention in der Humanmedizin

Plagiarismus in der Medizin wird im Ausland im letzten Jahrzehnt zunehmend erforscht, nicht so in Deutschland. Prominente Plagiatsfälle auch außerhalb der Medizin stellen darüber hinaus grundlegende Fragen an die Qualität von Wissenschaft. Plagiarismus und unethisches Verhalten in der Wissenschaft werden in diesem Arbeitspapier im Kontext des grundlegenden institutionell-organisatorischen Wandels des Wissenschafts- und Hochschulsystems durch die Übertragung von Konzepten des New Public Management (NPM) auf die Governance des Hochschul- und Wissenschaftssystems diskutiert. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen verschiedener Strategien zum Umgang mit Plagiarismus werden vorgestellt. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Verwendung von Plagiats-Software eingegangen. Die Verwendung einer Software-Lösung im Fachbereich Humanmedizin wird aus verschiedenen Gründen kritisch eingeschätzt. Erste Ergebnisse aus einer empirischen Studie zum Plagiarismus von Studierenden zeigen ebenfalls, dass der Prävention von Plagiaten durch Aufklärung und Ausbildung mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden muss. Auf Grundlage der theoretischen Überlegungen, Recherchen und der eigenen empirischen Erhebungen werden Bausteine für einen systematischen Umgang mit Plagiarismus für die Hochschulmedizin entwickelt.In the last decade, plagiarism in medicine has been increasingly explored internationally, but not in Germany. Moreover, prominent plagiarism cases even outside of medicine question the quality of science fundamentally. Plagiarism and unethical behavior in science are discussed in this paper in the context of the fundamental institutional and organizational change of science and universities being triggered by applying New Public Management concepts to the governance of higher education. Possibilities and limitations of various strategies for dealing with plagiarism are presented. The use of plagiarism detection software is particularly investigated. Software solutions in medical faculties are critically assessed. First results of an empirical study on plagiarism of medical students show that plagiarism prevention through information and education needs to be given more attention. Based on theoretical considerations, research and our own empirical survey, we develop modules for a systematic approach on plagiarism in university medicine

ToBI - Team of Bielefeld: The Human-Robot Interaction System for RoboCup@Home 2012

Wachsmuth S, Siepmann F, Ziegler L, Lier F, Schöpfer M. ToBI - Team of Bielefeld: The Human-Robot Interaction System for RoboCup@Home 2012.; 2012.The Team of Bielefeld (ToBI) has been founded in 2009. The RoboCup activities are embedded in a long-term research history towards human-robot interaction with laypersons in regular home envi- ronments. The RoboCup@Home competition is an important benchmark and milestone for the overall research goal. For RoboCup 2012, the team concentrates on mixed-initiative scenarios, a generic interaction-pattern based dialog, an easy to use programming environment and semantically annotated maps

ToBI - Team of Bielefeld: The Human-Robot Interaction System for RoboCup@Home 2011

Wachsmuth S, Siepmann F, Ziegler L, Lier F. ToBI - Team of Bielefeld: The Human-Robot Interaction System for RoboCup@Home 2011.; 2011.The Team of Bielefeld (ToBI) was founded in 2009. The robocup activities are embedded in a long-term research history towards human-robot interaction with laypersons in regular home environments. The robocup@home competition is an important benchmark and mile- stone for the overall research goal. For robocup 2011, the team concen- trates on mixed-initiative scenarios, sophisticated scene understanding methods including semantically annotated maps, and an easy to use pro- gramming environment

Making Research Visible - Cross Platform Linking of Semantically Enriched Research Artifacts

Lier F, Frederic S, Thilo P-S, Sven W. Making Research Visible - Cross Platform Linking of Semantically Enriched Research Artifacts. SWIB11 SEMANTIC WEB IN BIBLIOTHEKEN. Hamburg, Germany; 2011

Etiology, pathological characteristics, and clinical management of black pleural effusion: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion is characterized by excessive fluid collection in the pleural cavity. Black pleural effusion (BPE) is a rare entity with only limited scientific data. We aimed to review the current literature on black pleural effusion to characterize demographics, etiology, clinical presentation, pathological findings, available treatment strategies, and prognosis of this rare condition. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of case reports and series and synthesized data on demographics, manifestations, management, and outcomes of patients with BPE. We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for any date until January 10, 2021. All studies (n = 31) that reported black pleural effusion in patients were added to the review. Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42020213839. Summary and descriptive analysis was performed on Jamovi version 1.2. RESULTS: The mean age of 32 patients with BPE was 53 years, with male predominance (69%). The commonest risk factor was smoking (n = 9) followed by alcohol intake (n = 8). Dyspnea was the commonest symptom (n = 24, 75%). Pleural fluid was mostly exudative (n = 21). The commonest associated diagnosis was malignancy (n = 14), with 50% secondary to metastatic melanoma. The commonest intervention was therapeutic thoracocentesis (n = 25, 78%), and the effusion recurred in half of the cases where recurrence was reported (n = 13). In our review, we found the mortality rate to be at 20.8% (n = 20.8%). 58.3% of the patients were successfully treated and discharged home (n = 14). CONCLUSION: Although rare, BPE appears to be a relevant symptom as it seems to be frequently associated with modifiable risk factors and underlying malignancy. Our systematic review substantiates a vital research gap as observational research is imperative to characterize BPE further and form a basis for designing tailored diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for BPE

Facilitating Research Cooperation through Linking and Sharing of Heterogenous Research Artifacts

Lier F, Siepmann F, Paul-Stueve T, Wrede S, Wachsmuth S, Lütkebohle I. Facilitating Research Cooperation through Linking and Sharing of Heterogenous Research Artifacts. In: Sack H, Pellegrini T, eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Semantic Systems (I-SEMANTICS '12). New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2012: 157-164.Researchers and other knowledge workers frequently produce and use diverse research artefacts such as papers, data sets, experiment specifications, software, etc. In this, they are often faced with unclear relationships (e.g., which version of a software was in use for a particular paper), creating unnecessary work and potentially errors. Semantic web technologies can provide metadata as well as explicit, specific links between the artefacts. However, data acquisition and perceived utility are potential stumbling blocks for adoption. Therefore, we propose a system which is focused on integrating and augmenting existing data (thus protecting the existing investment), and examine it using an interaction-oriented perspective, on users without semantic web experience. Specifically, we first study requirements of the target group and then present an exploratory study of managing research artefacts related to software-centric projects. The results confirm that diverse data sources are in common use, that re-using existing repositories is perceived as efficient (e.g., more convenient, shorter cycle time), and that the experimented aggregates are perceived as functionally relevant. Furthermore, the integration of quality assurance mechanisms, such as continuous integration, is perceived as beneficial, despite some added effort

Calcification of the visceral aorta and celiac trunk is associated with renal and allograft outcomes after deceased donor liver transplantation

PURPOSE: Atherosclerosis affects clinical outcomes in the setting of major surgery. Here we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of visceral aortic (VAC), extended visceral aortic (VAC+), and celiac artery calcification (CAC) in the assessment of short- and long-term outcomes following deceased donor orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in a western European cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 281 consecutive recipients who underwent OLT at a German university medical center (05/2010-03/2020). The parameters VAC, VAC+, or CAC were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography-based calcium quantification according to the Agatston score. RESULTS: Significant VAC or CAC were associated with impaired postoperative renal function (p = 0.0016; p = 0.0211). Patients with VAC suffered more frequently from early allograft dysfunction (EAD) (38 vs 26%, p = 0.031), while CAC was associated with higher estimated procedural costs (p = 0.049). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, VAC was identified as an independent predictor of EAD (2.387 OR, 1.290-4.418 CI, p = 0.006). Concerning long-term graft and patient survival, no significant difference was found, even though patients with calcification showed a tendency towards lower 5-year survival compared to those without (VAC: 65 vs 73%, p = 0.217; CAC: 52 vs 72%, p = 0.105). VAC+ failed to provide an additional prognostic value compared to VAC. CONCLUSION: This is the first clinical report to show the prognostic role of VAC/CAC in the setting of deceased donor OLT with a particular value in the perioperative phase. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings. CT computed tomography, OLT orthotopic liver transplantation