Subjects with mild alopecia benefit from aminexil clinical 5: results of a large international observational study

Introduction and objectives: Androgenetic alopecia in men (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) are common hair loss causes which may heavily influence self-esteem and self-image. AGA and FPHL are caused by the heightened sensitivity of scalp follicles to dihydro-testosterone leading to dysregulation of downstream signaling cascades of inflammation. As a consequence a process of hair miniaturization develops over the time usually paralleled with a characteristic pattern distribution that varies between men and women. Histological observations showed perifollicular cells infiltrates and micro-inflammation. As this is a chronic condition, efficacy of products but also tolerability, cosmetic acceptance and patient satisfaction are key to ensure a good compliance. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit and tolerability of Aminexil clinical 5 (AC5, containing Aminexil, Arginine, SP94, piroctone olamine and Vichy mineralizing water as active ingredients) in subjects with mild alopecia. Materials and methods: This was an open-label, observational, international study conducted in real life settings in 527 adult female and male subjects with mild alopecia. At baseline subjects underwent a clinical examination including Ludwig for female and Hamilton Norwood scoring for male subjects and received AC5 to be applied once daily for a minimum of 45 days. At the end of treatment, subjects assessed their hair growth and quality, satisfaction and local tolerance; investigators evaluated the impact of AC5 on the subjects’ hair. Results: Data from 421 subjects were evaluable for the efficacy analysis. Tolerability data were available for 509 subjects. 58.7% of subjects were females; the mean age was 34.1±9.1 years. Duration of hair loss was 1.3±1.8 years in women and 2.3±2.6 years, overall mean duration was 1.7±2.2 years. AC5 was used in combination with prescription treatments in 14.8% of cases (mainly topical) at inclusion with non-medical products (topicals and/or orals) in 42.2% of cases; 71.3% of women had a Ludwig score of 1 and 40.8% of males had a Hamilton Norwood score of 2. After a mean of 82.9±17.5 days of use dermatologist evaluation rated an improvement in hair loss in 87.1% of subjects compared to baseline; it was somewhat better in women (91.8%) than in men (80.3%). Subject satisfaction on a scale from 0 (not satisfied at all) to 10 (completely satisfied) was 7.9±1.7. Tolerance was good to very good in 98.6% of subjects. The texture was considered pleasant by 95% of subjects. Conclusion: In subjects with mild alopecia, AC5 reduces hair loss in both men and women with a pleasant texture. AC5 was well tolerated and highly appreciated by subjects and investigators

Dandruff Is Associated with Disequilibrium in the Proportion of the Major Bacterial and Fungal Populations Colonizing the Scalp

International audienceThe bacterial and fungal communities associated with dandruff were investigated using culture-independent methodologies in the French subjects. The major bacterial and fungal species inhabiting the scalp subject's were identified by cloning and sequencing of the conserved ribosomal unit regions (16S for bacterial and 28S-ITS for fungal) and were further quantified by quantitative PCR. The two main bacterial species found on the scalp surface were Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while Malassezia restricta was the main fungal inhabitant. Dandruff was correlated with a higher incidence of M. restricta and S. epidermidis and a lower incidence of P. acnes compared to the control population (p<0.05). These results suggested for the first time using molecular methods, that dandruff is linked to the balance between bacteria and fungi of the host scalp surface

Efficacité d’aminexil clinical 5 chez des sujets avec une alopécie légère: résultats d’une large étude internationale observationnelle

Introduction: L’alopécie androgénique (AAG) est une cause fréquente de la chute chronique de cheveux, un phénomène qui peut impacter l’estime de soi et l’image des sujets. Pour cela, il est important de connaitre l’efficacité des produits, mais aussi leur tolérance, leur acceptation cosmétique et la satisfaction de l’utilisateur afin d’assurer un bonne observance thérapeutique. Cette étude évaluait le bénéfice et la tolérance de l’aminexil clinical 5 (AC5), contenant de l’aminexil, de l’arginine, du SP94, de la piroctone olamine, et de l’eau volcanique minéralisante de Vichy, chez des sujets ayant une alopécie légère. Matériels et méthodes: Cette étude observationnelle internationale a été menée dans des conditions réelles chez 527 adultes avec une alopécie légère. En début d’étude (J0), les sujets étaient évalués cliniquement à l’aide de l’échelle de Ludwig pour les femmes et de l’échelle Hamilton-Norwood pour les hommes. Les sujets recevaient ensuite de l’AC5 à appliquer une fois par jour sur le cuir chevelu pendant au moins 45 jours. A la fin du traitement, les sujets évaluaient la poussée et la qualité de leurs cheveux ainsi que leur satisfaction et la tolérance locale. Les investigateurs évaluaient l’efficacité de l’AC5 sur l’alopécie. Observations: Les données de 421 sujets étaient disponibles pour analyser l’efficacité, et celles de 509 sujets pour évaluer la tolérance. En tout, 58,7% des sujets étaient des femmes, et l’âge moyen était de 34,1±9,1 ans. La durée de la perte de cheveux était de 1,3±1,8 années chez les femmes et de 2,3±2,6 années chez les hommes, avec une durée moyenne globale de 1,7±2,2 années. A l’inclusion, 14,8% des sujets ont reçu de l’AC5 en parallèle avec des traitements prescrits (majoritairement topiques), et 42,2 % des sujets avec des produits en vente libre (topiques et/ou oraux) ; 71,3% des femmes avaient un score de Ludwig de 1, et 40,8% des hommes avaient un score Hamilton Norwood de 2. Résultats: Après une durée d’utilisation moyenne de 82,9±17,5 jours, les dermatologues ont noté une amélioration de la perte de cheveux chez 87,1% des sujets comparé au J0. L’amélioration était légèrement meilleure chez les femmes (91,8%) que chez les hommes (80,3%). Le score moyen de satisfaction du sujet, sur une échelle de 0 (pas du tout satisfait) à 10 (complètement satisfait), était de 7,9±1,7. La tolérance était bonne ou très bonne chez 98,6% des sujets, et 95% des sujets considéraient la texture de l’AC5 agréable. Discussion: Chez des sujets avec une AAG légère, l’AC5 est efficace en condition de vie réelle aussi bien chez les femmes que chez les hommes, avec une texture considérée comme agréable. L’AC5 a été très bien toléré et très apprécié par les sujets

Quantification of the three major microbial species found on the scalp surface by Q-PCR.

<p>Box plots comparing the density of <i>P. acnes</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>M. restricta</i> found on the scalp surface (in number of cells per cm² of the scalp surface detected by Q-PCR) - (A) Variations of the microbial populations between nineteen subjects from Set-1 and thirty subjects from Set-2 accounting for a total of 29 individuals with dandruff and 20 controls without dandruff; (B) Ratios <i>M. restricta/P. acnes and S. epidermidis/P. acnes</i> were significantly higher in dandruff scalps compared to non-dandruff scalps and (C) Intra-individual variations of the microbial populations within the 20 dandruff volunteers of Set-2. Box plots comparing the density of <i>P. acnes</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>M. restricta</i> quantified by Q-PCR on areas M1 (dandruff area) and M2 (non-dandruff area). <i>M. restricta</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>M. restricta/P. acnes</i> ratio were significantly higher and <i>P. acnes</i> incidence was lower in dandruff areas (M1) compared to non-dandruff areas (M2). Asterisk indicates a significant statistical difference (p<0.01). Note that the PCR primers used for quantification of the <i>Propionibacterium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were only genus-specific but since <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> accounted for 99% of all <i>Propionibacterium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> species identified respectively, it was considered that the counts of <i>Propionibacterium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> populations corresponded mainly to <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>S. epidermidis.</i></p

Q-PCR quantification of artificial mixtures containing genomic DNA extracted from <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>P. acnes</i> or <i>M. restricta</i> in various ratios.

<p>(A) quantification of <i>P. acnes</i> alone or in combination with <i>S. epidermidis</i> (ratios 1∶1; 1∶10; 1∶100 and 1∶1000) or <i>M. restricta</i> (ratios 1∶0.01; 1∶0.1; 1∶1 and 1∶10); (B) quantification of <i>S. epidermidis</i> alone or in combination with <i>P. acnes</i> or <i>M. restricta</i> in the same ratios and (C) quantification of <i>M. restricta</i> alone or in combination with <i>P. acnes</i> or <i>S. epidermidis</i> (ratios 1∶100; 1∶1000; 1∶10000 and 1∶100000). Q-PCR quantification showed the same cell count when the three microorganisms were analyzed alone or in a mixture with the other major skin contaminants.</p

Distribution of bacterial and fungal species in 10-normal and 9-dandruff scalps from set-1.

<p>(A) Distribution of 2,122 sequences (∼1500 bp) of 16S rDNA and (B) 2,225 sequences (∼1500 bp) of ITS-28S rDNA between the normal scalps and dandruff–affected scalps. Results are presented as the percent (%) of total sequences recovered per species. The predominant species are presented on this figure, while the detailed list of the sequences identified is presented in the Supporting Information (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058203#pone.0058203.s002" target="_blank">Table S1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058203#pone.0058203.s003" target="_blank">S2</a>).</p

Le répertoire de l’Opéra de Paris (1671-2009)

L'Opéra de Paris, loin de l'uniformité qui règne aujourd'hui entre tous les opéras du monde, a longtemps fait cavalier seul : en jouant majoritairement des œuvres anciennes, en se refusant aux langues étrangères, en cultivant jalousement sa propre tradition. Les études réunies ici explorent les principales options qui structurent son répertoire pendant plus de trois siècles : l'ancien et le nouveau, l'équilibre entre opéra et ballet, l'inclusion progressive d'autres genres et d'autres styles, la montée en puissance de la mise en scène. Ce répertoire forme un continent en grande partie englouti, mais il suffit d'en chercher la problématique sous-jacente pour qu'il nous apparaisse sous un jour étrangement familier