Dose response curves for cenicriviroc-dependent inhibition (A) and maraviroc-dependent inhibition (B).

<p>R5, dual and X4-tropic HIV-2 strains are depicted in continuous, dashed and dotted black lines, respectively. HIV-1 R5-tropic strain is depicted using the continuous gray line.</p

Characteristics of HIV/HCV co-infected patients (<i>n</i> = 60).

<p>Continuous variables were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR), and categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages.</p><p>ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.</p

Factors associated with the METAVIR liver fibrosis stage.

<p>Continuous variables were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR).</p><p>ALT: alanine aminotransferase; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; OR [CI95%]: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.</p

Summary of the different studies with seminal plasma sample analysis of HIV-1 patients under combination antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable blood plasma viral load.

<p>N/A, not available; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; SPS, seminal plasma sample; bpVL, blood plasma viral load; spVL, seminal plasma viral load; Grp, group.</p><p>* Estimated results based on figures and numbers in published studies.</p><p>** Group 1: 1 non-nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor+2 nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor, Group 2: 1 protease inhibitor+2 nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor, Group 3: other combination.</p

Dynamics of group O populations over time and contemporaneous contextual elements in Cameroon.

<p><b>a)</b> Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) inferred from the 154 concatenated group O sequences for which the three genome regions were obtained from a single time-point sample. <b>b)</b> BSP inferred from a subset of these sequences (N = 137), including the H strains (N = 124) and clusters T1 (N = 6) and T2 (N = 7) from the T strains. <b>c)</b> Periods of high viral growth rates for HIV-1 group M CRF02_AG [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>] (dark gray box), HIV-1 group O (grey boxes), HCV-1 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (dark pink box), HCV-2 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (pink box) and HCV-4 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (brown box) in Cameroon; cohort with high HCV seroprevalence in Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref024" target="_blank">24</a>] (orange box); population-scaled risk factors for iatrogenic transmission during trypanosomiaisis control campaigns in rural Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>] (peak period: dark blue box), pentamidine prophylaxis campaigns in rural Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>,<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>] (blue box) and intra-venous treatment for yaws and syphilis in Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>] (peak period: light blue box).</p

Correlation between FibroScan® values and inflammatory biomarkers (Spearman rank’s test).

<p>Correlation between FibroScan® values and inflammatory biomarkers (Spearman rank’s test).</p

Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 sequences.

<p><b>a)</b> Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the 190 concatenated group O sequences, with white diamonds at nodes with bootstrap values >70 and colours highlighting the nature of the residue at position 181 in the Reverse Transcriptase: Pink = C (N = 116); Green = Y (N = 71); Blue = mixed Y and C (N = 3); Grey = sequences from patients non NNRTI-naïve or with no data about NNRTI treatment. <b>b)</b> Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the 190 concatenated group M sequences.</p

HIV serological and molecular testing for dually HIV-1 and HIV-2 diagnosis in West Africa.

HIV serological and molecular testing for dually HIV-1 and HIV-2 diagnosis in West Africa.</p

Demographic characteristics of participants according to initial HIV status based on national HIV testing algorithms in West Africa.

Demographic characteristics of participants according to initial HIV status based on national HIV testing algorithms in West Africa.</p

Comparison of rate and ratio estimates between H and T subgroups.

<p>* the mean value for evolutionary and growth rates were estimated using BEAST, under the best fitting model (GTR+Γ+I and exponential growth); the mean values for the Non Synonymous (dN) versus synonymous (dS) mutation ratios were estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p>^$ the 95% Higher Posterior Densities (HPD) upper and lower bound for evolutionary and growth rates were estimated using BEAST, under the best fitting model (GTR+Γ+I and exponential growth).</p><p>^£ the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the Non Synonymous (dN) versus synonymous (dS) mutation ratios were estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p>^# the p-value for the difference between two means was calculated using student T test; the Likelihood Ratio Test p-value against the hypothesis of a single rate was estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p>Comparison of rate and ratio estimates between H and T subgroups.</p