23 research outputs found

    Characteristics of HIV/HCV co-infected patients (<i>n</i> = 60).

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    <p>Continuous variables were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR), and categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages.</p><p>ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.</p

    Factors associated with the METAVIR liver fibrosis stage.

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    <p>Continuous variables were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR).</p><p>ALT: alanine aminotransferase; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; OR [CI95%]: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.</p

    Summary of the different studies with seminal plasma sample analysis of HIV-1 patients under combination antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable blood plasma viral load.

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    <p>N/A, not available; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; SPS, seminal plasma sample; bpVL, blood plasma viral load; spVL, seminal plasma viral load; Grp, group.</p><p>* Estimated results based on figures and numbers in published studies.</p><p>** Group 1: 1 non-nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor+2 nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor, Group 2: 1 protease inhibitor+2 nucleosidic reverse transciptase inhibitor, Group 3: other combination.</p

    Dynamics of group O populations over time and contemporaneous contextual elements in Cameroon.

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    <p><b>a)</b> Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) inferred from the 154 concatenated group O sequences for which the three genome regions were obtained from a single time-point sample. <b>b)</b> BSP inferred from a subset of these sequences (N = 137), including the H strains (N = 124) and clusters T1 (N = 6) and T2 (N = 7) from the T strains. <b>c)</b> Periods of high viral growth rates for HIV-1 group M CRF02_AG [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>] (dark gray box), HIV-1 group O (grey boxes), HCV-1 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (dark pink box), HCV-2 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (pink box) and HCV-4 [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>] (brown box) in Cameroon; cohort with high HCV seroprevalence in Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref024" target="_blank">24</a>] (orange box); population-scaled risk factors for iatrogenic transmission during trypanosomiaisis control campaigns in rural Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>] (peak period: dark blue box), pentamidine prophylaxis campaigns in rural Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>,<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>] (blue box) and intra-venous treatment for yaws and syphilis in Cameroon [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029#ppat.1005029.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>] (peak period: light blue box).</p

    Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 sequences.

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    <p><b>a)</b> Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the 190 concatenated group O sequences, with white diamonds at nodes with bootstrap values >70 and colours highlighting the nature of the residue at position 181 in the Reverse Transcriptase: Pink = C (N = 116); Green = Y (N = 71); Blue = mixed Y and C (N = 3); Grey = sequences from patients non NNRTI-naĂŻve or with no data about NNRTI treatment. <b>b)</b> Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the 190 concatenated group M sequences.</p

    Comparison of rate and ratio estimates between H and T subgroups.

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    <p>* the mean value for evolutionary and growth rates were estimated using BEAST, under the best fitting model (GTR+Γ+I and exponential growth); the mean values for the Non Synonymous (dN) versus synonymous (dS) mutation ratios were estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p><sup>$</sup> the 95% Higher Posterior Densities (HPD) upper and lower bound for evolutionary and growth rates were estimated using BEAST, under the best fitting model (GTR+Γ+I and exponential growth).</p><p><sup>£</sup> the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the Non Synonymous (dN) versus synonymous (dS) mutation ratios were estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p><sup>#</sup> the p-value for the difference between two means was calculated using student T test; the Likelihood Ratio Test p-value against the hypothesis of a single rate was estimated using HyPhy under the GTR model.</p><p>Comparison of rate and ratio estimates between H and T subgroups.</p
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