22 research outputs found

    Molecular Demonstration of a Pneumocystis Outbreak in Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Evidence for Transmission in the Daycare Center

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    Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening infection in hematology. Although occasionally reported, the role of interhuman transmission of P. jirovecii in PCP, compared to that of reactivation, remains an unresolved question; the recommendation to isolate PCP patients in the hematology ward are not well evidence-based. Following an unexpected increase in the number of febrile pneumonia patients with P. jirovecii DNA detected in respiratory samples in our hematology ward, we explored 12 consecutive patients from November 2015 to May 2016. Genotyping of P jirovecii was performed using microsatellite markers. The frequency of simultaneous occupancy of these 12 patients in the same unit on the same day from 4 months prior to the first diagnosis was recorded. In three patients, the P. jirovecii genotype could not be determined because DNA was insufficient. One rare single genotype (Gt2) was found in four of the other nine, all allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. The transmission map showed that these 4 patients had multiple opportunities to meet on the same day (median, 6.5; range, 4–10) at the daycare center. It was much less among the eight non-Gt2 patients (median, 1; range, 0–9; P = 0.048). This study, based on modern molecular technics, strongly suggests that interhuman transmission of P. jirovecii between allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is possible. P. jirovecii DNA detected in respiratory specimens supports that isolation and respiratory precautions be recommended in such cases in the hematology ward

    Analyse du suivi de la maladie résiduelle chez les patients suivis pour leucémie aiguë au troisiÚme mois de l'allogreffe (une étude lyonnaise de 212 cas)

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    Nous avons analysĂ© rĂ©trospectivement 212 patients allogreffĂ©s sur Lyon entre 2005 et 2011 sur leur suivi de la maladie rĂ©siduelle en immunophĂ©notypage et en biologie molĂ©culaire, et sur leur suivi en chimĂ©risme au troisiĂšme mois suivant !'allogreffe. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer l'impact de la valeur des marqueurs de maladie rĂ©siduelle sur les survies globales et sans progression Ă  M3. Nous avons analysĂ© la population en deux sous-groupes LAM (n=139) et LAL (n=73). Nous avons pu mettre en Ă©vidence pour les patients porteurs de LAM des survies globales et sans progression significativement diffĂ©rentes en fonction de la valeur de l'immunophĂ©notypage, de la biologie molĂ©culaire et du chimĂ©risme. Les patients porteurs de LAM IP+ avaient une PFS Ă  12 mois de 76% contre 13% pour les IP-, (p<0,001), les patients BM+ avaient une PFS Ă  12 mois de 33% contre 72% pour les BM- (p=0,008), les patients ayant un chimĂ©risme total donneur avaient une PFS Ă  12 mois de 70%, les patients chimĂšres partielles Ă©tant dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s rapidement. L'analyse multivariĂ©e ajustĂ©e sur ces facteurs a montrĂ© l'impact fort d'un immunophĂ©notypage positif ou d'un chimĂ©risme partiel Ă  M3, qui sont associĂ©s Ă  un sur-risque de mortalitĂ©. Pour le sous-groupe des LAL, nous avons pu montrĂ© un impact fort de l'immunophĂ©notypage sur les survies globales et sans progression, les deux autres marqueurs Ă©tudiĂ©s ne permettant pas d'observer des survies significativement diffĂ©rentes, ceci restant Ă  confirmer du fait de faibles effectifs dans ce sous-groupe. Nous avons effectuĂ© une analyse complĂ©mentaire afin d'Ă©tudier l'impact des marqueurs en prenant Ă©galement en compte le statut de la maladie Ă  la greffe, pour les patients en RC, la valeur Ă  M3 des marqueurs est extrĂȘmement discriminante. Notre Ă©tude a permis de montrer que les rĂ©sultats du bilan de la maladie rĂ©siduelle au troisiĂšme mois de la greffe, sont un point clĂ© du suivi des patients allo greffĂ©s, celui-ci permettant de repĂ©rer des patients trĂšs Ă  risque de rechute. Les rĂ©sultats de maladie rĂ©siduelle Ă  M3 devront donc motiver la mise en place de traitement prĂ©emptifs.LYON1-BU SantĂ© (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Toxoplasmosis as an Early Complication of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

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    International audienceAmong 419 consecutive allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, we observed 17 (4.0%) cases of toxoplasmosis at a median time of day 45 (range, 6 to 322) after transplant. Seven of these 17 cases occurred before day 30 after transplant. Because of the lack of PCR screening and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis before engraftment, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was late, and 5 of these 7 patients died. Analyzing these cases, early Toxoplasma blood PCR screening, starting from transplant, is crucial

    Economic burden of preemptive treatment of CMV infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients

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    Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease (CMV episodes) are global concerns after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). They affect survival, both by direct and indirect effects. Due to safety issues of current anti-CMV antivirals, long-term CMV prophylaxis is poorly tolerated and the most common strategy to decrease the incidence of CMV disease is preemptive. New, less toxic, molecules are currently being assessed for CMV prophylaxis which should replace or considerably decrease the preemptive approach. The aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of CMV episodes after HSCT with a preemptive approach. Methods We analyzed data from 208 consecutive adults transplanted in our institution, between 2008 and 2013. Hospital resource utilization was retrieved via the linked hospital admissions and Diagnostic Related Groups for the period of conditioning to 12 months after transplant. Results CMV episodes occurred in 70 patients (34%) over the first 12 months following HSCT, after a mean of 75 days (median: 46 (7–334)). The mean total length of stay was significantly associated with the occurrence of a CMV episode (113.9 vs. 87.5 days, p = 0.0002) but was associated neither with the pre-transplant CMV serology of donors/recipients nor with survival. The mean cost of transplant was €104,016 (SD = €37,281) after 12 months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the occurrence of >1 CMV episode increased the costs of allogeneic HSCT by 25–30% (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our study, which is the largest, single-institution cost study of allogeneic HSCT in Europe, shows that two or more CMV episodes significantly increased the transplant cost. New prophylactic strategies to prevent CMV infection and disease should decrease transplant costs
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