The impact of the microbial agents of the Streptococcaceae family on the vital activity of human and animal bodies

Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Academy of Science of Moldova, Department of Microbiology, Virusology and Immunology, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and PharmacyBackground: Enterococci make up a part of the microbial flora of the human digestive tract and fulfil an important role in colonizing the mucosa by supplying the mucosal resistance. At the same time they are considered the representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora, contributing to the self emergence of the infection, including the gastrointestinal one. Material and methods: The materials of the research have been the contents of the bowel (rectum) of children and young agricultural animals and the monostrains of the microorganisms in the form of Streptococci. The isolation of Enterococci has been achieved by the numerical determination of their level in the vaccination of the samples of the bowel (rectum) contents on a selective nutrient agar medium with ball, esculin and free sodium azide (currently offered by the firm Himedia) and depending on the functional status of the studied subjects. Results: The microorganisms of the family Streptococcaceae, isolated from the contents of gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, have been classified in 3 species: Enterococcus (74.17), Streptococcus (12.63) and Lactococcus (13.18%). It has been established experimentally that the quantitative level of Enterococcus in the content of the gastrointestinal tract of children and young agricultural animals is constant, depending on its functional status and the health condition of the macroorganisms. Of the Enterococcus species (the representative of Streptococcaceae family) only the species Enterococcus faecium has showed a positive influence on the vital activity of man and animal organisms, being not only belonging to the Enterococcus species with the numerical prevalence, but also having a wide spectrum of non-pathogenic and probiotic properties. Conclusions: The defined properties of probiotics can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as an informative test in the selection of the prospects for enterococci. At the same time we recommend that in carrying out the additional measures on correction of bowel bacteriocenosis the strains of enterococci with probiotic properties should be used at the large scale

Structura etiologică a agenţilor patogeni în dismicrobismul intestinal

Actualitatea temei. Actualmente, printre copii și adulţi au o răspândire largă dismicrobismul și disfuncţiile intestinale diareice de etiologie bacteriană. Unele dintre cauzele principale ale acestora sunt contaminarea mediului ambiant cu agenţi microbieni ce cauzează maladii intestinale și influenţa stresogenă excesivă. Flora microbiană intestinală este partea componentă a sistemului ecologic unic al macroorganismului, ea îndeplinește rolul de indicator al stării sănătăţii lui. De aceea, dereglarea nivelului ei numeric și calitativ sau de specie contribuie la dezvoltarea disfuncţiilor intestinale diareice, uneori cu urmări letale. Luând în consideraţie cele expuse, problema menţinerii bacteriocenozei intestinale la nivel optim, caracteristic pentru organismul uman, rămâne a fi actuală. În ultimul timp, în rezultatul situaţiei socioeconomice și ecologice nefavorabile, hipo- și avitaminozelor, antibiotico-, hormono- și chimioterapiei neraţionale, încălcărilor în alimentaţie, se observă răspândirea lar largă a manifestărilor disbiotice ale cavităţii bucale, pielii, intestinului. Se atrage atenţia asupra rolului lactobacteriilor în profilaxia cancerului intestinal. Problema dereglărilor biocenozei intestinului la copii este una dintre cele mai actuale, mai ales la copiii mici, inclusiv în perioada de nou-născut. Rezultatele studiilor știinţifice contemporane indică prezenţa dismicrobismului intestinal de gradele I-II la 50% de sugari sănătoși, iar de gradele III-IV – la 20-25% din copii. Scopul: determinarea agenţilor patogeni care au prevalat în starea de dismicrobism intestinal, în cercetările efectuate pe anii 2011, 2012, în Centrul Naţional Știinţifico-Practic de Medicină Preventivă, secţia Bacteriologia și Epidemiologia bolilor extrem de contagioase și securitatea biologică. Materiale și metode. Probele au fost colectare înaintea utilizării preparatelor antimicrobiene. În cercetare au fost utilizate probele de materii fecale în cantitate de 1,0 g, diluate și omogenizate cu 9,0 ml de soluţie fiziologică. Ulterior, probele au fost însămânţate pe mediile nutritive diferenţiale și de diagnostic, așa ca: Endo, Cistovici, geloză sânge, Saburo, geloză salină cu gălbenuș de ou, geloză lactobac., mediul tioglicolic. Coloniile suspecte lactozo-negative au fost multiplicate și replicate pe mediile Hiss, pentru identificarea biochimică. La fel, a fost determinată sensibilitatea la preparatele antimicrobiene prin metoda difuziunii discurilor. Pentru ca ulterior terapia antimicrobiană să fie efectivă, este necesar de indicat un tratament raţional, conform sensibilităţii la antibiotice. Rezultate. Structura agenţilor etiologici, provocatori ai stării de dismicrobism intestinal, ce au fost determinaţi în anul 2011 în CNȘP EBEC și SB: în total au fost efectuate 272 de analize: E. Coli – 119, E. coli patogene – 58, Staphylococus aureus – 41, Staphylococus sp. – 15, Candida albicans – 46, Enterobacter spp. – 16, Klebsiella sp. – 17, Kpebsiella pneumonie – 18, Edwardsiella tarda – 2, Proteus sp. – 8, Citrobacter freundi – 7, Enterica gr. 57 – 6, Kluyvera cryocrescens – 9, Serratia spp. – 11, Cedaceea sp. – 0, Pseudomon aeruginosa – 8, Morganella morgani – 4. Numărul total de agenţi patogeni – 390. Structura agenţilor etiologici, provocatori ai stării de dismicrobism intestinal, care au fost determinaţi în anul 2012 în CNȘP EBEC și SB: în total au fost efectuate 247 de analize: E. Coli – 122, E. coli patogene – 122, Staphylococus aureus – 60, Staphylococus sp. – 14, Candida albicans – 70, Enterobacter spp. – 30, Klebsiella sp. – 24, Kpebsiella pneumonie – 7, Edwardsiella tarda – 1, Proteus sp. – 6, Citrobacter freundi – 20, Enterica gr. 57 – 4, Kluyvera cryocrescens – 13, Serratia spp. – 11, Cedaceea sp. – 8, Pseudomon aeruginosa – 3, Morganella morgani – 2. Numărul total de agenţi patogeni – 422.În perioada 2011-2012, în CNSP EBEC și SB, la copiii de vârsta 0,1-1 an s-au depistat 145 de probe, ceea ce constituie 32,7% din toate analizele făcute în dismicrobism. Concluzii 1. Cea mai frecventă a fost asociaţia dintre 2 agenţi patogeni – Candida albicans și Staphilococus aureus. 2. Cele mai multe probe (32,7%) au fost depistate la copiii de vârsta 0,1-1 an. 3. O diferenţă semnificativa între femei (247 probe) și bărbaţi (270 probe) nu a fost observată

Stringy Instantons and Cascading Quivers

D-brane instantons can perturb the quantum field theories on space-time filling D-branes by interesting operators. In some cases, these D-brane instantons are novel "stringy" effects (not interpretable directly as instanton effects in the low-energy quantum field theory), while in others the D-brane instantons can be directly interpreted as field theory effects. In this note, we describe a situation where both perspectives are available, by studying stringy instantons in quivers which arise at simple Calabi-Yau singularities. We show that a stringy instanton which wraps an unoccupied node of the quiver, and gives rise to a non-perturbative mass in the space-time field theory, can be reinterpreted as a conventional gauge theory effect by going up in an appropriate renormalization group cascade. Interestingly, in the cascade, the contribution of the stringy instanton does not come from gauge theory instantons but from strong coupling dynamics.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, harvma

The Crk adapter protein is essential for Drosophila embryogenesis, where it regulates multiple actin-dependent morphogenic events

Small Src homology domain 2 (SH2) and 3 (SH3) adapter proteins regulate cell fate and behavior by mediating interactions between cell surface receptors and downstream signaling effectors in many signal transduction pathways. The CT10 regulator of kinase (Crk) family has tissue-specific roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, and neuronal development and mediates oncogenic signaling in pathways like that of Abelson kinase. However, redundancy among the two mammalian family members and the position of the Drosophila gene on the fourth chromosome precluded assessment of Crk's full role in embryogenesis. We circumvented these limitations with short hairpin RNA and CRISPR technology to assess Crk's function in Drosophila morphogenesis. We found that Crk is essential beginning in the first few hours of development, where it ensures accurate mitosis by regulating orchestrated dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton to keep mitotic spindles in syncytial embryos from colliding. In this role, it positively regulates cortical localization of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3), its regulator suppressor of cAMP receptor (SCAR), and filamentous actin to actin caps and pseudocleavage furrows. Crk loss leads to the loss of nuclei and formation of multinucleate cells. We also found roles for Crk in embryonic wound healing and in axon patterning in the nervous system, where it localizes to the axons and midline glia. Thus, Crk regulates diverse events in embryogenesis that require orchestrated cytoskeletal dynamics

Dynamical supersymmetry breaking from unoriented D-brane instantons

We study the non-perturbative dynamics of an unoriented Z_5-quiver theory of GUT kind with gauge group U(5) and chiral matter. At strong coupling the non-perturbative dynamics is described in terms of set of baryon/meson variables satisfying a quantum deformed constraint. We compute the effective superpotential of the theory and show that it admits a line of supersymmetric vacua and a phase where supersymmetry is dynamically broken via gaugino condensation.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figur

Instanton Induced Neutrino Majorana Masses in CFT Orientifolds with MSSM-like spectra

Recently it has been shown that string instanton effects may give rise to neutrino Majorana masses in certain classes of semi-realistic string compactifications. In this paper we make a systematic search for supersymmetric MSSM-like Type II Gepner orientifold constructions admitting boundary states associated with instantons giving rise to neutrino Majorana masses and other L- and/or B-violating operators. We analyze the zero mode structure of D-brane instantons on general type II orientifold compactifications, and show that only instantons with O(1) symmetry can have just the two zero modes required to contribute to the 4d superpotential. We however discuss how the addition of fluxes and/or possible non-perturbative extensions of the orientifold compactifications would allow also instantons with $Sp(2)$ and U(1) symmetries to generate such superpotentials. In the context of Gepner orientifolds with MSSM-like spectra, we find no models with O(1) instantons with just the required zero modes to generate a neutrino mass superpotential. On the other hand we find a number of models in one particular orientifold of the Gepner model $(2,4,22,22)$ with $Sp(2)$ instantons with a few extra uncharged non-chiral zero modes which could be easily lifted by the mentioned effects. A few more orientifold examples are also found under less stringent constraints on the zero modes. This class of $Sp(2)$ instantons have the interesting property that R-parity conservation is automatic and the flavour structure of the neutrino Majorana mass matrices has a simple factorized form.Comment: 68 pages, 2 figures; v2. typos corrected, refs adde

D-brane Instantons on the T^6/Z_3 orientifold

We give a detailed microscopic derivation of gauge and stringy instanton generated superpotentials for gauge theories living on D3-branes at Z_3-orientifold singularities. Gauge instantons are generated by D(-1)-branes and lead to Affleck, Dine and Seiberg (ADS) like superpotentials in the effective N=1 gauge theories with three generations of bifundamental and anti/symmetric matter. Stringy instanton effects are generated by Euclidean ED3-branes wrapping four-cycles on T^6/\Z_3. They give rise to Majorana masses in one case and non-renormalizable superpotentials for the other cases. Finally we determine the conditions under which ADS like superpotentials are generated in N=1 gauge theories with adjoints, fundamentals, symmetric and antisymmetric chiral matter.Comment: 31 pages, no figure

GREEN ENERGY - THE FUTURE ENERGY WITHIN BIOTERRA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

Green energies are widely implemented worldwide and also in our country. Our paper provides its applicability in  terms of  facilities within Bioterra University central campus in Bucharest and also in our Tourist and Students Practice Units located in Predeal – "TreiBrazi", Buşteni –" Zamora" , Danube Delta –"Baltenii de Sus" and at the Seaside - EforieSud and Comorova Forest, Neptun resort (all being owned by Bioterra University of Bucharest).At the United Nations Conference in Paris (held on 12 December 2015) regarding the  Climate change,  the partners   reached a New Global Climate change Agreement: limiting global warming, well below 2 Celsius degrees, underlining the importance of using of the non-polluting renewable energies. Beyond this limit, the scientists fear of the next irreversible effects:- repeated extreme events - cyclones, droughts, etc.;- decline of agricultural yields;- extinction of some species. Rising with +2 Celsius degrees, the sea level will increase with 40 cm till 2100 year; rising with + 4-5 Celsius degrees, the sea level will increasewith 80 cm and it will continue to ascend

Unoriented D-brane Instantons vs Heterotic worldsheet Instantons

We discuss Fermi interactions of four hyperini generated by ``stringy'' instantons in a Type I / Heterotic dual pair on T^4/Z_2.Comment: Minor corrections and clarifications. Added reference

Lifting D-Instanton Zero Modes by Recombination and Background Fluxes

We study the conditions under which D-brane instantons in Type II orientifold compactifications generate a non-perturbative superpotential. If the instanton is non-invariant under the orientifold action, it carries four instead of the two Goldstone fermions required for superpotential contributions. Unless these are lifted, the instanton can at best generate higher fermionic F-terms of Beasley-Witten type. We analyse two strategies to lift the additional zero modes. First we discuss the process of instantonic brane recombination in Type IIA orientifolds. We show that in some cases charge invariance of the measure enforces the presence of further zero modes which, unlike the Goldstinos, cannot be absorbed. In other cases, the instanton exhibits reparameterisation zero modes after recombination and a superpotential is generated if these are lifted by suitable closed or open string couplings. In the second part of the paper we address lifting the extra Goldstinos of D3-brane instantons by supersymmetric three-form background fluxes in Type IIB orientifolds. This requires non-trivial gauge flux on the instanton. Only if the part of the fermionic action linear in the gauge flux survives the orientifold projection can the extra Goldstinos be lifted.Comment: 38 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables; v2: Appendix B slightly expanded, minor rewordin