383 research outputs found
Teacher Mentor and Mentee Stories: Mentorship as Opportunity for Teachers\u27 Professional Capital and Cultural Proficiency Development
Teacher mentor and induction programs have recently gained traction over the past several decades to provide teachers new to a school a professional support system in the hope that this prevents them from leaving. However, the establishment and implementation of these programs for teachers remain inequitable, notably among schools in high-needs areas. In some schools experiencing a high rate of teacher attrition, little assistance is provided to those teachers new to the school for overcoming simple survival strategies and instead of sustaining professional growth. This study is significant because it examines and seeks to fulfill the needs of new teachers and mentor teachers via a mentorship program that honors the school culture and specific professional needs in which these teachers are working. Through a socioconstructivist lens, this qualitative narrative inquiry study investigated the mentorship experiences and needs of mentors and mentees in a diverse elementary school setting to understand their cultural proficiency, professional capital, and procedural knowledge. The data collected used semistructured individual interviews with the mentees and mentors, the researcher\u27s narrative beginnings, a researcher\u27s journal. After the data was collected and analyzed, three narrative threads arose: (1) universal mentoring, (2) opportunities for cultural proficiency, and (3) professional goals. The findings of this study conclude the importance of mentorship for retaining teachers while making further recommendations for improvements at the local and district levels
An Exploration of Dance Therapy, its Origins, and its Applications in Parkinson’s Disease
Throughout history, dance has been used as a means of promoting health and wellbeing and for healing the sick. These practices date back to some of the earliest Neolithic societies with the advent of the circle dance in shamanistic cultures and continue into today’s society. Notable examples of healing dances include dances devoted to Apollo in ancient Greek culture, the dancing manias of medieval Europe, and the tarantism of southern Italy that dates back to the fourteenth century. Today, the primary role of dance in healing is the use of dance/movement therapy which, according to the website of the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA), aims to use movement to “promote emotional, social, cognitive, and physical integration” (ADTA; n.d.). This thesis explores the extent to which dance/movement therapy evolved from these historical dances of healing and its practical applications in treating contemporary diseases and disorders. In particular, emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of dance/movement therapy as a treatment option for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately six million people worldwide, the incidence of which is expected to increase dramatically in coming years as the result of an aging population. The quantitative impact on both physiological and psychological symptoms of Parkinson’s is explored, as is qualitative evidence derived from interviews and surveys conducted with participants, caregivers, and instructors. In light of the evidence, potential avenues for further research or for widespread implementation of dance therapy programs specifically designed for individuals with Parkinson’s disease are explored
Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren
Background: Evidence suggests that physical self-concept (PSC) is linked to well-being in
children and adolescents. Objective: The objective was to investigate the association of PSC with
mental health (i.e., depression and body image), physical status (i.e., fitness and weight status) and
lifestyle (physical activity (PA) patterns and nutritional level) in Chilean schoolchildren. Methods: A
total of 617 schoolchildren (n = 271 girls and n = 346 boys) aged 10–14 years participated in this study.
Self-concept, depression and body image dissatisfaction were determined by questionnaires. Physical
fitness, PA, screen time (ST), Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and anthropometric parameters
were also included. Results: Poor PSC was linked to bad cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (<42 VO2max)
(OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.12–2.34; p = 0.01), severe body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.51, 95%CI 0.99–6.35;
p = 0.05), ST of more than two hours a day (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.41–3.12; p < 0.001), PA after school of no
more than two hours per week (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.08–2.13; p = 0.015) and depression (OR 1.80; 95%CI
1.1–2.92; p = 0.017). High nutritional level showed an association with general PSC and general
self-concept (p < 0.05). Absence of body image dissatisfaction was related to general self-concept
(p < 0.01) and physical condition dimensions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSC is associated with CRF,
PA after school, ST and nutritional level. According to mental health variables, poor PSC is related
to depression in Chilean schoolchildren. Therefore, promoting a healthy lifestyle among children
should be a target of community- and school-based interventions to promote PSC.Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europe
After-school sports programmes and social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts: Results of an international multicase study
This research aimed to understand the role of after-school sports programs
in social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts through a multicase
study within two locations. The first location was in Spain where immigrant
and Spanish students were enrolled, and the other was in Chile with Mapuche-
Huilliche students, immigrant and Chilean students. The implemented programs
at both sites were similar in their educational focus on socio-educational
values, and teaching models (hybridization of teaching games for understanding
and cooperative learning) that enhance social inclusion. Using individual and
group interviews with teachers, sports coordinators, parents, and students, a
qualitative approach was used to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder
the social inclusion processes. In addition, the researchers used qualitative
observations of the programs over six months using “notes logbook” to
record their impressions during the observation process. Results indicated
that the implemented sports programs successfully facilitated social inclusion
processes, enabling the development of interpersonal skills and relationships
between students from different cultural backgrounds. The previous training
and experiences of teachers in culturally diverse contexts, and incorporation of
traditional sporting games from all cultures, seems to be an important facilitator
factor for the inclusion potential of the implemented programs.FONDECYT-ANID project (National Agency of Research) 11201036Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europe
Estilo de vida y factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en la población étnica y no étnica > 15 años: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2016-2017
Background: lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors information is scarce regarding youth and adults of Latin-American ethnics.
Objective: the primary aim was to describe the lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in ethnic
Latin-American groups (Mapuche and Aymara) and other non-ethnics > 15 years of age in the Chilean population. A secondary aim was to
determine the association between physical activity ‘intensity’ with HTN and diabetes markers.
Material and methods: a representative sample from the National Chilean Health Survey 2016-2017, included Mapuche (EG-Map; women
n = 166, men n = 300; total n = 466), Aymara (EG-Aym; women n = 96, men n = 55; total n = 151), and a non-ethnic population group
(No-EG; women n = 2057, men n = 3445; total n = 5502). The main outcomes were; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure
(DBP), fasting plasma glucose (GL), and secondary outcomes were other anthropometric, lipid profile, and lifestyle parameters.
Results: GL was significantly associated with nutrition (0.9 %, p < 0.0001), tobacco and alcohol habits (0.6 %, p < 0.0001). SBP was
significantly associated with nutrition (whole-grains 0.04, p = 0.001; water consumption 0.07, p < 0.0001), sleep hygiene (week 0.04,
p = 0.030; on weekends -0.04, p = 0.026), and alcohol consumption (-0.06, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: in conclusion, lifestyle differences among Mapuche and Aymara ethnic groups in comparison with non-ethnic Chilean peers
> 15 years are significantly associated with blood pressure and glycemia.Antecedentes: la información sobre estilos de vida y factores de riesgo cardiometabólico es escasa en jóvenes y adultos de etnia latinoamericana.
Objetivo: el objetivo principal fue describir el estilo de vida y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico para la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la
diabetes en grupos étnicos latinoamericanos (Mapuche y Aymara) y otros no étnicos > 15 años de la población chilena. Un objetivo secundario
fue determinar la asociación de la “intensidad” de la actividad física con la HTA y los marcadores de diabetes.
Material y métodos: muestra representativa de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2016-2017, compuesta por mapuches (EG-Map;
mujeres n = 166, hombres n = 300; total n = 466), aymaras (EG-Aym; mujeres n = 96, hombres n = 55; total n = 151) y un grupo poblacional
no étnico (No-GE; mujeres n = 2057, hombres n = 3445; total n = 5502). Las principales evaluaciones fueron la presión arterial sistólica (PAS),
la presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y la glucosa plasmática en ayunas (GL), y los resultados secundarios fueron otros parámetros antropométricos,
del perfil lipídico y del estilo de vida.
Resultados: la GL se asoció significativamente a los hábitos nutricionales (0,9 %, p < 0,0001) y los hábitos de tabaco y alcohol (0,6 %, p <
0,0001). La PAS se asoció significativamente con la nutrición (cereales integrales 0,04, p = 0,001; consumo de agua 0,07, p < 0,0001), higiene
del sueño (semana 0,04, p = 0,030; fines de semana -0,04, p = 0,026) y consumo de alcohol (- 0,06, p < 0,0001).
Conclusión: en conclusión, las diferencias de estilo de vida entre las etnias mapuche y aymara en comparación con sus pares chilenos no
étnicos mayores de 15 años se asocian significativamente con la presión arterial y la glucemia.Chilean Health Ministry as part of the health surveillance in ChileProgramme “Recualificación del Profesorado Universitario, modalidad María ZambranoUniversidad de Granada/Ministerio de UniversidadesFondos Next Generation de la Unión Europe
¿Existe alguna relación entre la capacidad de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal? Un estudio en escolares españoles
Indexación: Scopus.Background: to examine relations between functional movement patterns and weight status in Spanish primary school children and to determine the differences between sexes. Methods: three hundred and thirty-three, 6-13 years old children (164 boys and 169 girls), participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the body mass index (BMI) and the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS). Children were classified as normal weight (NW), overweight (OV) or obese (OB) according to international cut-offs. Results: total FMS score was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). FMS score was different between children from NW, OV and OB groups (p = 0.001), lower with the increased BMI (p < 0.001 between all groups). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between NW, OV and OB were found in deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg-raise and push-up tests. As for the sex differences, girls obtained higher scores (p < 0.05) in in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise, whereas boys did it in push-up (p = 0.044) test. Conclusions: these results confirm that total FMS score significantly and inversely correlates with BMI in a group of 333 school-age children. As for the sex differences, girls outperform boys in movements requiring flexibility and balance, whilst boys outperform girls in tests where muscular strength is required. © 2018 SENPE and Arán Ediciones S.L.Introducción: examinar la relación entre los patrones de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal en escolares españoles, determinando
también la infl uencia de la variable sexo.
Métodos: trescientos treinta y tres niños de 6-13 años de edad (164 niños y 169 niñas), participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Las
variables objeto de estudio fueron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la batería de test Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS). Los niños fueron
clasifi cados como normopeso (NW), sobrepeso (OV) y obesos (OB) de acuerdo con los puntos de corte internacionales.
Resultados: la puntuación total en el FMS correlacionó de forma negativa y signifi cativa con el IMC (p < 0,001). La puntuación en FMS fue
diferente entre las categorías de peso (p = 0,001), hallando un peor rendimiento en FMS conforme aumenta el IMC (p < 0,001 entre todos los
grupos). Se hallaron diferencias signifi cativas (p < 0,05) entre NW, OV y OB en los test de deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility,
straight leg-raise and push-up. En cuanto a las diferencias por sexo, las chicas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en FMS (p < 0,05) en los test
in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise; mientras los chicos obtuvieron puntuaciones superiores en el test de push-up (p = 0,044).
Conclusiones: los resultados confi rman que la puntuación total en el FMS correlaciona signifi cativa y negativamente con el IMC en este grupo
de 333 escolares. En cuanto a la infl uencia del sexo, las chicas obtuvieron mayor puntuación que los chicos en los test que requerían fl exibilidad
y equilibrio, mientras los chicos fueron superiores en los test en los que predominaba la fuerza muscular.https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/index.php/articles/01670/show#
Characterizing the interindividual postexercise hypotension response for two order groups of concurrent training in patients with morbid obesity
Background: Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is a common physiological
phenomenon occurring immediately after endurance training (ET), resistance
training (RT), and ET plus RT, also termed concurrent training (CT); however,
there is little knowledge about the interindividual and magnitude response of
PEH in morbidly obese patients.
Aim: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of CT order (ET + RT
vs. RT + ET) on the blood pressure responses; 2) characterize these responses in
responders and nonresponders, and 3) identify potential baseline outcomes for
predicting blood pressure decreases as responders.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study developed in sedentary morbidly obese
men and women (age 43.6 ± 11.3 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) was
assigned to a CT group of ET plus RT (ET + RT; n = 19; BMI 47.8 ± 16.7) or RT plus
ET order group (RT + ET; n = 17; BMI 43.0 ± 8.0). Subjects of both groups received eight exercise sessions over four weeks. Primary outcomes include
systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate at rest
[HR], and pulse pressure [PP] measurements before and after 10 min postexercise.
Secondary outcomes were other anthropometric, body composition,
metabolic, and physical fitness parameters. Using the delta ΔSBP reduction,
quartile categorization (Q) in “high” (Rs: quartile 4), “moderate” (MRs: quartile 3),
“low” (LRs: quartile 2), and “nonresponders” (NRs: quartile 1) was reported.
Results: Significant pre–post changes were observed in ET + RT in session 2 for
SBP (131.6 vs. 123.4 mmHg, p = 0.050) and session 4 (131.1 vs. 125.2 mmHg, p =
0.0002), while the RT + ET group showed significant reductions in session 4
(134.2 vs. 125.3 mmHg, p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in
the sum of the eight sessions for SBP ( ΔSBP) between ET + RT vs. RT + ET
(−5.7 vs. −4.3 mmHg, p = 0.552). Interindividual analyses revealed significant
differences among frequencies comparing Q1 “NRs” (n = 8; 22.2%), Q2 “LRs”
(n = 8; 22.2%), Q3 “MRs” (n = 9; 25.0%), and Q4 “HRs” (n = 11; 30.5%), p < 0.0001.
Quartile comparisons showed significant differences in SBP changes (p =
0.035). Linear regression analyses revealed significant association between
ΔSBP with body fat % (β –3.826, R2 0.211 [21.1%], p = 0.031), skeletal
muscle mass [β –2.150, R2 0.125 (12.5%), p = 0.023], fasting glucose [β 1.273,
R2 0.078 (7.8%), p = 0.003], triglycerides [β 0.210, R2 0.014 (1.4%), p = 0.008], and
the 6-min walking test [β 0.183, R2 0.038 (3.8%), p = 0.044].
Conclusion: The CT order of ET + RT and RT + ET promote a similar ‘magnitude’
in the postexercise hypotensive effects during the eight sessions of both CT
orders in 4 weeks of training duration, revealing “nonresponders” and ‘high’
responders that can be predicted from body composition, metabolic, and
physical fitness outcomes.University de La Frontera, Chile Project DI21-0030
FRO 1895programme "Recualificacion del Profesorado Universitario. Modalidad Maria Zambrano", Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union EuropeaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 303399/2018-
A Higher Skeletal Muscle Mass and Lower Adiposity Phenotype Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Control in Adults with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
Objective: This study aimed to (1) characterize cardiometabolic factors in self-reported hip
and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) across four body composition phenotypes defined by muscle mass
and adiposity, and (2) associate risk factors with diabetes and hypertension (HTN). Methods: A crosssectional
analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–17 (n = 4996) stratified participants
into four groups: low skeletal muscle mass/high waist circumference (Low-SMM/High-WC), low
SMM/low WC (Low-SMM/Low-WC), high SMM/high WC (High-SMM/High-WC), and high
SMM/low WC (reference group). Each group was further divided into subgroups with or without
diagnosed hip or knee OAD. The main outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic (SBP)/diastolic
(DBP) blood pressure (continuous outcomes), and other secondary factors such as cardiovascular risk
(CVR). Results: In the hip OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher
SBP versus the reference value (145 vs. 127 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +18 mmHg). In the knee OAD
subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value
(141 vs. 134 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +7 mmHg). The SBP showed a significant interaction between the
group and OAD diagnosis (p = 0.007 hip OAD; p < 0.0001 knee OAD). Conclusions: Hip and knee
OAD associates with elevated SBP/DBP in older adults. OAD groups showed an OR above 2 for
diabetes, 2.7 for HTN, 4.5 for metabolic syndrome, and over 2 for moderate-to-high cardiovascular
risk. OAD interacts substantially with cardiometabolic factors, especially in low muscle mass/high
adiposity phenotypes. Lifestyle optimization of physical activity and nutrition to preserve muscle
mass and mitigate adiposity is essential for cardiometabolic health promotion in OAD patient
Psychosocial Factors and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Suicidality Risk in Chilean Adolescents
Background: Suicidality in adolescents is a growing concern and is currently a public health
issue in Chile and the world. Objective: To determine the association between the risk of suicidality
with self-harm, sociodemographic parameters (that is, gender and type of school), psychosocial
variables, and social and family support in Chilean adolescents. Methods: In a cross-sectional
study, 829 (377, 45.5% girls) children/adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age participated.
Suicidality, self-esteem, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and social support perception were
evaluated by standard, validated questionnaires. The presence of self-harm, dating violence, and
family dysfunction was also evaluated through a self-report survey. Results: Suicidality risk was
related to low self-esteem (OR = 9.73; 95%; CI = 6.62–14.28; p < 0.001), low HRQoL (OR = 5.0;
95%; CI = 3.51–7.13; p < 0.001), low social support (OR; 3.38, 95%; CI; 2.48–4.6; p < 0.001), and
self-harm (OR = 8.03; 95%; CI = 5.69–11.33; p < 0.001). In family terms, suicidality risk was associated
with exposure to physical (OR = 2.47, 95%CI; 1.69–3.6; p < 0.001) and psychological (OR = 1.78, 95;
1.33–2.39; p < 0.001) aggression between parents, and with considering their family dysfunctional
(OR = 2.41 95%; CI = 1.69–3.41; p < 0.001). Finally, suicidality was associated with feeling mistreated
by a boyfriend/girlfriend (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.19–3.98; p = 0.011). Conclusion: Suicidality was
associated with self-harm, low social, psychological and family well-being, and/or feeling mistreated
by a boyfriend/girlfriend.University of ChileUniversity of Santiago of Chileprogramme 'Recualificacion del Profesorado Universitario. ModalidadMaria Zambrano', Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europe
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