109 research outputs found
Full counting statistics of nano-electromechanical systems
We develop a theory for the full counting statistics (FCS) for a class of
nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), describable by a Markovian generalized
master equation. The theory is applied to two specific examples of current
interest: vibrating C60 molecules and quantum shuttles. We report a numerical
evaluation of the first three cumulants for the C60-setup; for the quantum
shuttle we use the third cumulant to substantiate that the giant enhancement in
noise observed at the shuttling transition is due to a slow switching between
two competing conduction channels. Especially the last example illustrates the
power of the FCS.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; minor changes - final version as published in
Europhys. Let
The influence of charge detection on counting statistics
We consider the counting statistics of electron transport through a double
quantum dot with special emphasis on the dephasing induced by a nearby charge
detector. The double dot is embedded in a dissipative enviroment, and the
presence of electrons on the double dot is detected with a nearby quantum point
contact. Charge transport through the double dot is governed by a non-Markovian
generalized master equation. We describe how the cumulants of the current can
be obtained for such problems, and investigate the difference between the
dephasing mechanisms induced by the quantum point contact and the coupling to
the external heat bath. Finally, we consider various open questions of
relevance to future research.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to 5-th International Conference on
Unsolved Problems on Noise, Lyon, France, June 2-6, 200
Non-equilibrium Entanglement and Noise in Coupled Qubits
We study charge entanglement in two Coulomb-coupled double quantum dots in
thermal equilibrium and under stationary non-equilibrium transport conditions.
In the transport regime, the entanglement exhibits a clear switching threshold
and various limits due to suppression of tunneling by Quantum Zeno localisation
or by an interaction induced energy gap. We also calculate quantum noise
spectra and discuss the inter-dot current correlation as an indicator of the
entanglement in transport experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Frequency-dependent counting statistics in interacting nanoscale conductors
We present a formalism to calculate finite-frequency current correlations in
interacting nanoscale conductors. We work within the n-resolved density matrix
approach and obtain a multi-time cumulant generating function that provides the
fluctuation statistics, solely from the spectral decomposition of the
Liouvillian. We apply the method to the frequency-dependent third cumulant of
the current through a single resonant level and through a double quantum dot.
Our results, which show that deviations from Poissonian behaviour strongly
depend on frequency, demonstrate the importance of finite-frequency
higher-order cumulants in fully characterizing interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, improved figures & discussion. J-ref adde
Rights Myopia in Child Welfare
For decades, legal scholars have debated the proper balance of parents\u27 rights and children\u27s rights in the child welfare system. This Article argues that the debate mistakenly privileges rights. Neither parents\u27 rights nor children\u27s rights serve families well because, as implemented, a solely rights-based model of child welfare does not protect the interests of parents or children. Additionally, even if well-implemented, the model still would not serve parents or children because it obscures the important role of poverty in child abuse and neglect and fosters conflict rather than collaboration between the state and families. In lieu of a solely rights-based model, this Article proposes a problem-solving model for child welfare and explores one embodiment of such a model, family group conferencing. This Article concludes that a problem-solving model holds significant potential to address many of the profound theoretical and practical shortcomings of the current child welfare system
Electron Waiting Times in Mesoscopic Conductors
Electron transport in mesoscopic conductors has traditionally involved
investigations of the mean current and the fluctuations of the current. A
complementary view on charge transport is provided by the distribution of
waiting times between charge carriers, but a proper theoretical framework for
coherent electronic systems has so far been lacking. Here we develop a quantum
theory of electron waiting times in mesoscopic conductors expressed by a
compact determinant formula. We illustrate our methodology by calculating the
waiting time distribution for a quantum point contact and find a cross-over
from Wigner-Dyson statistics at full transmission to Poisson statistics close
to pinch-off. Even when the low-frequency transport is noiseless, the electrons
are not equally spaced in time due to their inherent wave nature. We discuss
the implications for renewal theory in mesoscopic systems and point out several
analogies with energy level statistics and random matrix theory.Comment: 4+ pages, 3 figure
Strong quantum memory at resonant Fermi edges revealed by shot noise
Studies of non-equilibrium current fluctuations enable assessing correlations
involved in quantum transport through nanoscale conductors. They provide
additional information to the mean current on charge statistics and the
presence of coherence, dissipation, disorder, or entanglement. Shot noise,
being a temporal integral of the current autocorrelation function, reveals
dynamical information. In particular, it detects presence of non-Markovian
dynamics, i.e., memory, within open systems, which has been subject of many
current theoretical studies. We report on low-temperature shot noise
measurements of electronic transport through InAs quantum dots in the
Fermi-edge singularity regime and show that it exhibits strong memory effects
caused by quantum correlations between the dot and fermionic reservoirs. Our
work, apart from addressing noise in archetypical strongly correlated system of
prime interest, discloses generic quantum dynamical mechanism occurring at
interacting resonant Fermi edges.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Factorial cumulants reveal interactions in counting statistics
Full counting statistics concerns the stochastic transport of electrons in
mesoscopic structures. Recently it has been shown that the charge transport
statistics for non-interacting electrons in a two-terminal system is always
generalized binomial: it can be decomposed into independent single-particle
events and the zeros of the generating function are real and negative. Here we
investigate how the zeros of the generating function move into the complex
plane due to interactions and demonstrate that the positions of the zeros can
be detected using high-order factorial cumulants. As an illustrative example we
consider electron transport through a Coulomb blockade quantum dot for which we
show that the interactions on the quantum dot are clearly visible in the
high-order factorial cumulants. Our findings are important for understanding
the influence of interactions on counting statistics and the characterization
in terms of zeros of the generating function provides us with a simple
interpretation of recent experiments, where high-order statistics have been
measured.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, Editors' Suggestion in Phys. Rev.
Current noise in a vibrating quantum dot array
We develop methods for calculating the zero-frequency noise for quantum
shuttles, i.e. nanoelectromechanical devices where the mechanical motion is
quantized. As a model system we consider a three-dot array, where the internal
electronic coherence both complicates and enriches the physics. Two different
formulations are presented: (i) quantum regression theorem, and (ii) the
counting variable approach. It is demonstrated, both analytically and
numerically, that the two formulations yield identical results, when the
conditions of their respective applicability are fulfilled. We describe the
results of extensive numerical calculations for current and current noise (Fano
factor), based on a solution of a Markovian generalized master equation. The
results for the current and noise are further analyzed in terms of Wigner
functions, which help to distinguish different transport regimes (in
particular, shuttling vs. cotunneling). In the case of weak inter-dot coupling,
the electron transport proceeds via sequential tunneling between neighboring
dots. A simple rate equation with the rates calculated analytically from the
P(E)-theory is developed and shown to agree with the full numerics.Comment: 22 two-column pages, 9 figure
Shot noise of a quantum shuttle
We formulate a theory for shot noise in quantum nanoelectromechanical
systems. As a specific example, the theory is applied to a quantum shuttle, and
the zero-frequency noise, measured by the Fano factor F, is computed. F reaches
very low values (F~0.01) in the shuttling regime even in the quantum limit,
confirming that shuttling is universally a low noise phenomenon. In approaching
the semiclassical limit, the Fano factor shows a giant enhancement (F~100) at
the shuttling threshold, consistent with predictions based on phase-space
representations of the density matrix.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; minor formal changes - updated figures and
references; final version as published in Phys. Rev. Let
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