The Grizzly, February 21, 1995

Moraga on Minorities • Changes to be Implemented in the Core Curriculum • Cease-fire in Grozny • Student Speaks on Public Speaking and Communication Arts • Dispelling a Few Myths • Sex vs. Abstinence • Nightmarish Comedian • Team Breaks Record Again • Final Men\u27s Hoop Game is Story of Season • Women to Host Gettysburg in Conference Semifinal • Cosgrove and Baldini Honored • Wrestlers Lose Conference Crownhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1354/thumbnail.jp

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Metformin Therapy in Overweight/Obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.

Insulin resistance has been proposed as one of the causes of poor glycemic control in overweight/obese youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the role of adjunctive metformin, an insulin sensitizer, on glycemic control in these patients is unclear.To compare the effect of metformin vs. placebo on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, and other parameters in overweight/obese youth with T1D.Adjunctive metformin therapy will improve glycemic control in overweight/obese youth with T1D.A 9-mo randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of metformin and placebo in 28 subjects (13m/15f) of ages 10-20years (y), with HbA1c >8% (64 mmol/mol), BMI >85%, and T1D > 12 months was conducted at a university outpatient facility. The metformin group consisted of 15 subjects (8 m/ 7f), of age 15.0 ± 2.5 y; while the control group was made up of 13 subjects (5m/ 8f), of age 14.5 ± 3.1y. All participants employed a self-directed treat-to-target insulin regimen based on a titration algorithm of (-2)-0-(+2) units to adjust their long-acting insulin dose every 3rd day from -3 mo through +9 mo to maintain fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 90-120 mg/dL (5.0-6.7 mmol/L). Pubertal maturation was determined by Tanner stage.Over the course of the 9 months of observation, the between-treatment differences in HbA1c of 0.4% (9.85% [8.82 to 10.88] for placebo versus 9.46% [8.47 to 10.46] for metformin) was not significant (p = 0.903). There were non-significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (189.4 mg/dL [133.2 to 245.6] for placebo versus 170.5 mg/dL [114.3 to 226.7] for metformin), (p = 0.927); total daily dose (TDD) of short-acting insulin per kg body weight/day(p = 0.936); and the TDD of long-acting insulin per kg body weight per day (1.15 units/kg/day [0.89 to 1.41] for placebo versus 0.90 units/kg/day [0.64 to 1.16] for metformin) (p = 0.221). There was no difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia between the groups.This 9-month RCT of adjunctive metformin therapy in overweight and obese youth with T1D resulted in a 0.4% lower HbA1c value in the metformin group compared to the placebo group.ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01334125

Data from: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Metformin Therapy in Overweight/Obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Manuscript abstract: CONTEXT: Insulin resistance has been proposed as one of the causes of poor glycemic control in overweight/obese youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the role of adjunctive metformin, an insulin sensitizer, on glycemic control in these patients is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of metformin vs. placebo on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, and other parameters in overweight/obese youth with T1D. HYPOTHESIS: Adjunctive metformin therapy will improve glycemic control in overweight/obese youth with T1D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A 9-mo randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of metformin and placebo in 28 subjects (13m/15f) of ages 10-20years (y), with HbA1c \u3e8% (64 mmol/mol), BMI \u3e85%, and T1D \u3e 12 months was conducted at a university outpatient facility. The metformin group consisted of 15 subjects (8 m/ 7f), of age 15.0 ± 2.5 y; while the control group was made up of 13 subjects (5m/ 8f), of age 14.5 ± 3.1y. All participants employed a self-directed treat-to-target insulin regimen based on a titration algorithm of (-2)-0-(+2) units to adjust their long-acting insulin dose every 3rd day from -3 mo through +9 mo to maintain fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 90-120 mg/dL (5.0-6.7 mmol/L). Pubertal maturation was determined by Tanner stage. RESULTS: Over the course of the 9 months of observation, the between-treatment differences in HbA1c of 0.4% (9.85% [8.82 to 10.88] for placebo versus 9.46% [8.47 to 10.46] for metformin) was not significant (p = 0.903). There were non-significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (189.4 mg/dL [133.2 to 245.6] for placebo versus 170.5 mg/dL [114.3 to 226.7] for metformin), (p = 0.927); total daily dose (TDD) of short-acting insulin per kg body weight/day(p = 0.936); and the TDD of long-acting insulin per kg body weight per day (1.15 units/kg/day [0.89 to 1.41] for placebo versus 0.90 units/kg/day [0.64 to 1.16] for metformin) (p = 0.221). There was no difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This 9-month RCT of adjunctive metformin therapy in overweight and obese youth with T1D resulted in a 0.4% lower HbA1c value in the metformin group compared to the placebo group

Data from: The Cardiovascular Effects of Adjunctive Metformin Therapy in Overweight/obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

This dataset is the primary data source for a manuscript submitted for publication. Manuscript abstract: Context: The cardiovascular effect of adjunctive metformin therapy in overweight/obese youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Objective: To compare the effect of prolonged, adjunctive metformin vs. placebo therapy on markers of cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese youth with T1D based on differences in total cholesterol (TC)/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, triglycerides (TG)/HDL ratio, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) log [TG/HDL] ratio, adiponectin/leptin ratio, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Hypothesis: Adjunctive metformin therapy will improve markers of cardiovascular health in overweight/obese youth with T1D. Setting: University outpatient facility. Design and Participants: A 9-mo randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin (1000 mg daily) and placebo in 28 subjects (13m/15f) of ages 10-20years (y), with HbA1c \u3e8%, BMI \u3e85%, and T1D \u3e 12 months. The metformin group consisted of 15 subjects (8 m/7f), of age 15.0±2.5 y; while the control group consisted of 13 subjects (5m/8f), of age 14.5±3.1y. Participants employed a self-directed treat-to-target insulin regimen based on a titration algorithm of (-2)-0-(+2) units to adjust long-acting insulin dose every 3rd day from -3 mo through +9 mo to maintain fasting plasma glucose between 90-120 mg/dL. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and baseline values, the metformin group had a clinically significant reduction in TC/HDL of 0.5 unit: 3.5[3.0-4.1] vs. 4.0 [3.3-4.4] (p=0.578); and TG/HDL of 1.0 unit, 2.6 [1.1-4.3] vs. 3.6 [2.0-5.2] (p=0.476); and AIP of 0.44 unit: -0.23 ± 0.9 vs. 0.21 ± 0.8 (p=0.251). Conversely, the metformin group had a clinically significant elevation in adiponectin/leptin ratio of 0.8 unit: 2.0[0.84-3.2] vs. 1.2[0.11-2.3], (p=0.057); and a mean serum 25(OH)D in the vitamin D sufficiency range, 31.3 ng/mL [22.3-40.4] compared to the placebo group\u27s lower mean 25(OH)D of 25.8 ng/mL [14.1-35.9], (p=0.337). Conclusions: Prolonged adjunctive metformin therapy may be cardio-protective in overweight/obese youth with T1D

Summary of Daily Plasma Glucose Goals.

<p>Summary of Daily Plasma Glucose Goals.</p

CONSORT Flow Diagram.

<p>CONSORT Flow Diagram.</p

Comparison of changes in hemoglobin A1c values between the placebo and metformin groups during the trial.

<p>Comparison of changes in hemoglobin A1c values between the placebo and metformin groups during the trial.</p

Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of the Subjects and Controls at Baseline/Randomization.

<p>Table 3 shows the group-specific comparisons of anthropometric and biochemical parameters at baseline using paired <i>t</i> tests or its non-parametric equivalent where indicated. Subject characteristics were summarized using means ± standard deviations (SD). Independent proportions (e.g., race, gender) were compared using Fisher’s exact test*. SDS standard deviation score; WC waist circumference; TDD total daily dose; HbA1c hemoglobin A1c. All participants received long-acting insulin detemir and short-acting insulin aspart. Significant <i>p</i> values are bolded.</p