Identificación y aplicación en la conservación de los efectos señal, ruido y taxonómicos en patrones de diversidad

Ongoing research on butterflies and birds in the Great Basin has identified biogeographic patterns while elucidating how dynamic measures of diversity (species richness and turnover) affect inferences for conservation planning and adaptive management. Nested subsets analyses suggested that processes influencing predictability of assemblage composition differ among taxonomic groups, and the relative importance of those processes may vary spatially within a taxonomic group. There may be a time lag between deterministic environmental changes and a detectable faunal response, even for taxonomic groups that are known to be sensitive to changes in climate and land cover. Measures of beta diversity were sensitive to correlations between sampling resolution and local environmental heterogeneity. Temporal and spatial variation in species composition indicated that spatially extensive sampling is more effective for drawing inferences about biodiversity responses to environmental change than intensive sampling at relatively few, smaller sites.Los estudios de mariposas y aves en el Great Basin han identificado patrones biogeográficos que permiten evaluar cómo las medidas dinámicas de biodiversidad (riqueza específica y renovación de especies) pueden afectar la planificación y la gestión adaptativa de la conservación. El análisis de subgrupos anidados sugiere que los procesos que influyen en la predicibilidad de la composición de los grupos difieren entre los distintos grupos taxonómicos. Asimismo la importancia relativa de estos procesos puede variar espacialmente dentro de un grupo taxonómico. Puede haber un retraso en el tiempo entre los cambios ambientales deterministas y una respuesta faunística detectable, incluso para los grupos taxonómicos que se sabe que son sensibles a los cambios del clima y de la cubierta del suelo. Las medidas de diversidad beta eran sensibles a las correlaciones entre la resolución del muestreo y la heterogeneidad ambiental local. La variación espacial y temporal en la composición de especies indicó que el muestreo extensivo en el espacio es más efectivo, para obtener inferencias sobre cómo responde la biodiversidad a cambios ambientales, que el muestreo intensivo, en relativamente pocos sitios y más pequeños

Dynamic Magnetography of Solar Flaring Loops

We develop a practical forward fitting method based on the SIMPLEX algorithm with shaking, which allows the derivation of the magnetic field and other parameters along a solar flaring loop using microwave imaging spectroscopy of gyrosynchrotron emission. We illustrate the method using a model loop with spatially varying magnetic field, filled with uniform ambient density and an evenly distributed fast electron population with an isotropic, power-law energy distribution.Comment: ApJ Letters, in pres

3D Structure of Microwave Sources from Solar Rotation Stereoscopy vs Magnetic Extrapolations

We use rotation stereoscopy to estimate the height of a steady-state solar feature relative to the photosphere, based on its apparent motion in the image plane recorded over several days of observation. The stereoscopy algorithm is adapted to work with either one- or two-dimensional data (i.e. from images or from observations that record the projected position of the source along an arbitrary axis). The accuracy of the algorithm is tested on simulated data, and then the algorithm is used to estimate the coronal radio source heights associated with the active region NOAA 10956, based on multifrequency imaging data over 7 days from the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope near 5.7 GHz, the Nobeyama Radio Heliograph at 17 GHz, as well as one-dimensional scans at multiple frequencies spanning the 5.98--15.95 GHz frequency range from the RATAN-600 instrument. The gyroresonance emission mechanism, which is sensitive to the coronal magnetic field strength, is applied to convert the estimated radio source heights at various frequencies, h(f), to information about magnetic field vs. height B(h), and the results are compared to a magnetic field extrapolation derived from photospheric magnetic field observations obtained by Hinode and MDI. We found that the gyroresonant emission comes from the heights exceeding location of the third gyrolayer irrespectively on the magnetic extrapolation method; implications of this finding for the coronal magnetography and coronal plasma physics are discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, ApJ accepte