Paraoksonaza/arilesteraza u serumu ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II

The aim of this study was to determine whether the paraoxonase (PON1) status, i.e. PON1 activities and phenotypes (AA, AB and BB), and its relationship with lipid status are different in patients with type II diabetes as compared to healthy population. Diabetic group comprised 175 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (94 men and 81 women) who came to their regular control examination and took the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus diagnosis for 12 years on average were on peroral antidiabetics, or insulin or diet, and 3 patients had no therapy prescribed yet. Control group comprised 114 apparently healthy individuals (28 men and 86 women) who were not on any medication. The paraoxonase activity was measured with 2.0 mmol L-1 paraoxon in the absence and in the presence of 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl, and with 2.0 mmol L-1 phenylacetate. Both activities were measured spectrophotometrically at 37 oC in 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.0, containing 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2. Sera of diabetic and control subjects were assigned to the paraoxonase phenotypes on the basis of the basal paraoxonase activity distribution. We assigned 45% sera of male and 49% sera of female diabetic patients, and 64% sera of both genders of the control group to the AA low activity phenotype. There were no differences in paraoxonase activities between the gender- and phenotype-matched diabetic and control groups. Enzyme activity against the phenylacetate was higher and phenotype-dependent only in diabetic patients. In contrast to AA phenotype individuals, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the female diabetic group and triglyceride concentration in the male diabetic group assigned to pooled AB and BB phenotypes were higher than in the corresponding controls. It follows from PON1 phenotype distribution that less antiatherogenic paraoxonase B allele is more frequent in type II diabetes mellitus than in the healthy population. Their lipid status is more atherogenic, which could indicate a risk of premature atherosclerosis.Cilj rada je usporediti katalitičku aktivnost paraoksonaze (PON1) te učestalost fenotipova AA, AB i BB paraoksonaze i njihovu povezanost s lipidnim statusom u serumu ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II i kontrolnoj skupini. U skupini ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II bilo je 175 osoba (81 žena i 94 muškaraca), s prosječnim trajanjem bolesti od 12 godina, koji su bili na peroralnoj terapiji antidijabeticima ili inzulinom ili na dijeti, dok trojici pacijenata još nije predložena terapija. Aktivnost paraoksonaze mjerena je s paraoksonom (O,O-dietil-O-p-nitrofenilfosfat). Koncentracije reagensa u reakcijskoj smjesi za određivanje bazalne aktivnosti paraoksonaze bile su: 2.0 mmol L-1 paraokson i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Reakcijska smjesa za određivanje NaCl-stimulirane aktivnosti paraoksonaze sadržavala je još 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Arilesterazna aktivnost enzima mjerena je s fenilacetatom. Reakcijska smjesa je sadržavala 2.0 mmol L-1 fenilacetata i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Broj ispitanika s AA fenotipom odnosno skupno AB i BB fenotipom paraoksonaze određen je iz raspodjelne krivulje bazalnih aktivnosti (bez prisutnosti 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl) paraoksonaze u serumu. U serumima 45% žena i 49% muškaraca skupine ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II te u 64% seruma oba spola u skupini zdravih ispitanika potvrđen je AA homozigotni fenotip paraoksonaze. Katalitičke aktivnosti enzima prema paraoksonu nisu se značajno razlikovale ovisno o spolu i fenotipu izmedu dijabetične i kontrolne skupine, dok su aktivnosti enzima prema fenilacetatu bile veće i ovisne o fenotipu samo u dijabetičnoj skupini ispitanika. Značajno veće koncentracije ukupnog kolesterola i LDL-kolesterola izmjerene su u serumima žena te veće koncentracije triglicerida u serumima muškaraca s dijabetesom tipa II koji su razvrstani u zajedničku skupinu AB+BB fenotipova što bi ukazivalo da su AB i BB fenotipovi uglavnom povezani s lipidnim statusom većeg rizika za razvoj ateroskleroze u ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II

Paraoksonaza/arilesteraza u serumu ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II

The aim of this study was to determine whether the paraoxonase (PON1) status, i.e. PON1 activities and phenotypes (AA, AB and BB), and its relationship with lipid status are different in patients with type II diabetes as compared to healthy population. Diabetic group comprised 175 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (94 men and 81 women) who came to their regular control examination and took the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus diagnosis for 12 years on average were on peroral antidiabetics, or insulin or diet, and 3 patients had no therapy prescribed yet. Control group comprised 114 apparently healthy individuals (28 men and 86 women) who were not on any medication. The paraoxonase activity was measured with 2.0 mmol L-1 paraoxon in the absence and in the presence of 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl, and with 2.0 mmol L-1 phenylacetate. Both activities were measured spectrophotometrically at 37 oC in 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.0, containing 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2. Sera of diabetic and control subjects were assigned to the paraoxonase phenotypes on the basis of the basal paraoxonase activity distribution. We assigned 45% sera of male and 49% sera of female diabetic patients, and 64% sera of both genders of the control group to the AA low activity phenotype. There were no differences in paraoxonase activities between the gender- and phenotype-matched diabetic and control groups. Enzyme activity against the phenylacetate was higher and phenotype-dependent only in diabetic patients. In contrast to AA phenotype individuals, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the female diabetic group and triglyceride concentration in the male diabetic group assigned to pooled AB and BB phenotypes were higher than in the corresponding controls. It follows from PON1 phenotype distribution that less antiatherogenic paraoxonase B allele is more frequent in type II diabetes mellitus than in the healthy population. Their lipid status is more atherogenic, which could indicate a risk of premature atherosclerosis.Cilj rada je usporediti katalitičku aktivnost paraoksonaze (PON1) te učestalost fenotipova AA, AB i BB paraoksonaze i njihovu povezanost s lipidnim statusom u serumu ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II i kontrolnoj skupini. U skupini ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II bilo je 175 osoba (81 žena i 94 muškaraca), s prosječnim trajanjem bolesti od 12 godina, koji su bili na peroralnoj terapiji antidijabeticima ili inzulinom ili na dijeti, dok trojici pacijenata još nije predložena terapija. Aktivnost paraoksonaze mjerena je s paraoksonom (O,O-dietil-O-p-nitrofenilfosfat). Koncentracije reagensa u reakcijskoj smjesi za određivanje bazalne aktivnosti paraoksonaze bile su: 2.0 mmol L-1 paraokson i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Reakcijska smjesa za određivanje NaCl-stimulirane aktivnosti paraoksonaze sadržavala je još 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Arilesterazna aktivnost enzima mjerena je s fenilacetatom. Reakcijska smjesa je sadržavala 2.0 mmol L-1 fenilacetata i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Broj ispitanika s AA fenotipom odnosno skupno AB i BB fenotipom paraoksonaze određen je iz raspodjelne krivulje bazalnih aktivnosti (bez prisutnosti 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl) paraoksonaze u serumu. U serumima 45% žena i 49% muškaraca skupine ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II te u 64% seruma oba spola u skupini zdravih ispitanika potvrđen je AA homozigotni fenotip paraoksonaze. Katalitičke aktivnosti enzima prema paraoksonu nisu se značajno razlikovale ovisno o spolu i fenotipu izmedu dijabetične i kontrolne skupine, dok su aktivnosti enzima prema fenilacetatu bile veće i ovisne o fenotipu samo u dijabetičnoj skupini ispitanika. Značajno veće koncentracije ukupnog kolesterola i LDL-kolesterola izmjerene su u serumima žena te veće koncentracije triglicerida u serumima muškaraca s dijabetesom tipa II koji su razvrstani u zajedničku skupinu AB+BB fenotipova što bi ukazivalo da su AB i BB fenotipovi uglavnom povezani s lipidnim statusom većeg rizika za razvoj ateroskleroze u ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II

Paraoxonase/arylesterase in serum of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Cilj rada je usporediti katalitičku aktivnost paraoksonaze (PON1) te učestalost fenotipova AA, AB i BB paraoksonaze i njihovu povezanost s lipidnim statusom u serumu ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II i kontrolnoj skupini. U skupini ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II bilo je 175 osoba (81 žena i 94 muškaraca), s prosječnim trajanjem bolesti od 12 godina, koji su bili na peroralnoj terapiji antidijabeticima ili inzulinom ili na dijeti, dok trojici pacijenata još nije predložena terapija. Aktivnost paraoksonaze mjerena je s paraoksonom (O,O-dietil-O-p-nitrofenilfosfat). Koncentracije reagensa u reakcijskoj smjesi za određivanje bazalne aktivnosti paraoksonaze bile su: 2.0 mmol L-1 paraokson i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Reakcijska smjesa za određivanje NaCl-stimulirane aktivnosti paraoksonaze sadržavala je još 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Arilesterazna aktivnost enzima mjerena je s fenilacetatom. Reakcijska smjesa je sadržavala 2.0 mmol L-1 fenilacetata i 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2 u 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl puferu, pH=8.0. Broj ispitanika s AA fenotipom odnosno skupno AB i BB fenotipom paraoksonaze određen je iz raspodjelne krivulje bazalnih aktivnosti (bez prisutnosti 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl) paraoksonaze u serumu. U serumima 45% žena i 49% muškaraca skupine ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II te u 64% seruma oba spola u skupini zdravih ispitanika potvrđen je AA homozigotni fenotip paraoksonaze. Katalitičke aktivnosti enzima prema paraoksonu nisu se značajno razlikovale ovisno o spolu i fenotipu izmedu dijabetične i kontrolne skupine, dok su aktivnosti enzima prema fenilacetatu bile veće i ovisne o fenotipu samo u dijabetičnoj skupini ispitanika. Značajno veće koncentracije ukupnog kolesterola i LDL-kolesterola izmjerene su u serumima žena te veće koncentracije triglicerida u serumima muškaraca s dijabetesom tipa II koji su razvrstani u zajedničku skupinu AB+BB fenotipova što bi ukazivalo da su AB i BB fenotipovi uglavnom povezani s lipidnim statusom većeg rizika za razvoj ateroskleroze u ispitanika s dijabetesom tipa II.The aim of this study was to determine whether the paraoxonase (PON1) status, i.e. PON1 activities and phenotypes (AA, AB and BB), and its relationship with lipid status are different in patients with type II diabetes as compared to healthy population. Diabetic group comprised 175 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (94 men and 81 women) who came to their regular control examination and took the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus diagnosis for 12 years on average were on peroral antidiabetics, or insulin or diet, and 3 patients had no therapy prescribed yet. Control group comprised 114 apparently healthy individuals (28 men and 86 women) who were not on any medication. The paraoxonase activity was measured with 2.0 mmol L-1 paraoxon in the absence and in the presence of 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl, and with 2.0 mmol L-1 phenylacetate. Both activities were measured spectrophotometrically at 37 oC in 0.1 mol L-1 Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.0, containing 2.0 mmol L-1 CaCl2. Sera of diabetic and control subjects were assigned to the paraoxonase phenotypes on the basis of the basal paraoxonase activity distribution. We assigned 45% sera of male and 49% sera of female diabetic patients, and 64% sera of both genders of the control group to the AA low activity phenotype. There were no differences in paraoxonase activities between the gender- and phenotype-matched diabetic and control groups. Enzyme activity against the phenylacetate was higher and phenotype-dependent only in diabetic patients. In contrast to AA phenotype individuals, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the female diabetic group and triglyceride concentration in the male diabetic group assigned to pooled AB and BB phenotypes were higher than in the corresponding controls. It follows from PON1 phenotype distribution that less antiatherogenic paraoxonase B allele is more frequent in type II diabetes mellitus than in the healthy population. Their lipid status is more atherogenic, which could indicate a risk of premature atherosclerosis

Differences in routine laboratory parameters related to cachexia between patients with hematological diseases and patients with solid tumors or heart failure – is there only one cachexia?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cachexia is a state of involuntary weight loss common to many chronic diseases. Experimental data, showing that cachexia is related to the enhancement of acute phase response reaction, led to the new definition of cachexia that included, aside from the principal criterion of weight loss, other “minor criteria”, Amongst them are levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and hemoglobin. However, there is paucity of data regarding possible differences of these laboratory parameters in patients with various diseases known to be related to cachexia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CRP, albumin and hemoglobin were evaluated in 119 patients, divided into two disease groups, hematological (ones with diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin disease) and non-hematological (solid tumor patients and patients with chronic heart failure). Patients were further subdivided into two nutritional groups, cachectic and non-cachectic ones according to the principal criterion for cacxehia i.e. loss of body weight.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that cachectic patients had higher levels of CRP, and lower levels of both hemoglobin and albumin compared to non-cachectic patients, regardless of the disease group they fitted. On the other hand, the group of hematological patients had lower levels of CRP primarily due to the differences found in the non-cachectic group. Higher levels of albumin were also found in the hematological group regardless of the nutritional group they fitted. Limitations of cut-off values, proposed by definition, were found, mostly regarding their relatively low sensitivity and low negative predictive value.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As expected, differences in values of routine laboratory parameters used in definition of cachexia were found between cachectic and non-cachectic patients. Their values differed between hematological and non-hematological patients both in cachectic and non-cachectic group. Cut-off levels currently used in definition of cachexia have limitations and should be further evaluated.</p