Correlations between SDQ and APSD scores and fractional anisotropy in whole sample.

<p>JHU–John Hopkins University; SDQ–Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; APSD–Antisocial Process Screening Device; CU–callous-unemotional; r–Spearman’s correlation coefficient; p–two-tailed significance level.</p

Group characteristics.

<p>FSIQ—Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; SDQ–Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; APSD–Antisocial Process Screening Device; SD–standard deviation; #Excluding alcohol.</p

Regions of significantly increased fractional anisotropy in conduct disordered adolescents compared to healthy controls.

<p>Key: R-right; L- left; A-anterior; P-posterior; green indicates mean FA (fractional anisotropy) skeleton; red denotes areas of significantly greater (p < .05) FA in CD in: (i) bilateral superior cerebellar peduncle; (ii) left cerebellar white matter; (iii) right superior longitudinal fasciculus; (iv) bilateral corticopontocerebellar tract; (v) bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule; (vi) bilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle; (vii) bilateral corticospinal tract; (viii) bilateral corticopontocerebellar tract</p

White matter regions of mean diffusivity changes between PSP, MSA, PD and HC.

<p>All results reported at p<0.05, TFCE and Bonferroni corrected (corrected alpha 0.0167).</p><p>White matter regions of mean diffusivity changes between PSP, MSA, PD and HC.</p

White matter maps showing regions of significant decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in PSP patients when compared to healthy controls, PD and MSA (Bonferroni corrected alpha = 0.0167).

<p>Background image corresponds to the mean fractional anisotropy image of all subjects in standard MNI152 space (radiological view). Fractional anisotropy white matter skeleton is represented by green voxels. Blue voxels represent regions of decreased FA and yellow voxels represent regions of increased MD in the PSP group.</p

White matter maps showing regions of significant decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in MSA patients when compared to healthy controls and PD (Bonferroni corrected alpha = 0.0167).

<p>Background image corresponds to the mean fractional anisotropy image of all subjects in standard MNI152 space (radiological view). Fractional anisotropy white matter skeleton is represented by green voxels. Blue voxels represent regions of decreased FA and yellow voxels represent regions of increased MD in the PSP group.</p

White matter regions of fractional anisotropy changes between PSP, MSA, PD and HC.

<p>All results reported at p<0.05, TFCE and Bonferroni corrected (corrected alpha = 0.0167).</p><p>White matter regions of fractional anisotropy changes between PSP, MSA, PD and HC.</p

Demographic and clinical data of control subjects and patients with PD, MSA and PSP.

<p>* For patients taking levodopa drug treatment, scores given in the ‘on’ state.</p>†<p>From Parkinson's Plus Scale (Cerebellar Score, maximum 24; Occulomotor Score, maximum 21).</p><p>MSA  =  multiple systems atrophy; PSP  =  progressive supranuclear palsy; PD  =  Parkinson's disease; MSA-P  =  multiple system atrophy parkinsonian variant; MSA-C  =  multiple system atrophy cerebellar variant; H&Y  =  Hoehn and Yahr; ADL  =  activities of daily living; UPDRS III  =  Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-part III.</p><p>Demographic and clinical data of control subjects and patients with PD, MSA and PSP.</p

White matter maps showing regions of significant correlation between mean diffusivity and measures of disease severity (Bonferroni corrected alpha = 0.0167).

<p>Top row coronal view, bottom row axial view. Background image corresponds to the mean fractional anisotropy image of all subjects in standard MNI152 space (radiological view). Fractional anisotropy white matter skeleton is represented by green voxels. Blue voxels represent regions of decreased FA and yellow voxels represent regions of increased MD in the PSP group.</p

Statistical results for SWI-derived IDPs.

In the top two panels, the left column shows data for 14 IDPs derived from T2* data and the right column shows data for 14 IDPs derived from QSM data. A) Distribution of log-transformed P-values from repeated measures ANOVA testing for a site effect on the mean value of individual IDPs in each class; the solid horizontal line represents the P-value equivalent to FDR = 5%. Green dots represent IDPs fitted to the ANOVA model including data from all four sites; orange dots represent P-values for each IDP fitted to the ANOVA including only data from the three Siemens sites (Cambridge, Oxford, Liverpool). There were more significant between-site differences in mean IDPs when the GE data from KCL were included in the analysis B) Swarm plots showing distribution of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the same IDPs, estimated for each pair of all 4 sites (green points), and for each pair of the three Siemens sites (orange points). C) Each column represents finer-grained results for representative IDPs from each class of IDP: from left to right, T2* right pallidum, QSM right pallidum. Top row, plots of each IDP for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels). Bottom row, correlations between each pair of sites for each IDP: upper triangle, Pearson’s correlations; lower triangle, Spearman’s correlations.</p