Perceived Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production: A Gendered Analysis Done in Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania

Climate change literature has revealed that the effects of climate change on women and men are not the same and that women are more likely to be severely affected by climate change. However, data to indicate the way men and women are affected by climate change are missing. A study to examine effects of climate change on agricultural production by sex was done in Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma region, Tanzania. Specifically the study analyzed perception of climate change and effects of climate change on agricultural production. A sample of 360 respondents, 12 focus groups of discussants and 78 key informants were consulted. Analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results showed that men and women perceived and were affected differently by climate change. Women were severely affect by effect of climate change that caused hunger/food shortage, that caused them to be subjected to bad food debts and effects that caused them to waste productive time in less productive activities; whereas men were severely affected by the effects of climate change that involved wasting of resources; that associated with out-migration and effects that reduced status of respondents. Using their knowledge, respondents managed to perceive and identify climate change effects. The study recommends Tanzania and other Less Developed Countries to use available knowledge system to learn and manage climate change effects. Key words: Effects of climate change, Men and women, Perception, Agricultural productio

Farmers' adaptive effort to soil erosion and land productivity decline: The case of the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

In 1940 agricultural experts reported that soil erosion in the Uluguru mountains was so serious that the area's agriculture would not be able to support its population in a year's time even if soil erosion were completely controlled. Yet, demographic data and the growth in commercial vegetable production since the 1960s all suggest farmers in the Uluguru Mountains have survived, contrary to the prediction of "experts" in 1940. This study examines farmers' adaptive effort in response to soil erosion and land productivity decline in the western Uluguru mountains of Tanzania.Data were collected through unstructured interviews with 30 farmers and 3 Extension Agents; personal observations of farming practices; and interview schedules administered to a random sample of 406 heads of households from the mountainous Mgeta area in western Uluguru mountains and the nearby flatland area of Mlali.The following findings resulted from the study: farmers in Mgeta have evolved a farming system with both structural and biological soil conservation effect while farmers in Mlali have not; the evolved farmers' practice is aimed at increasing production rather than conserving soil; farmers in both Mgeta and Mlali use fertilizer and pesticides in response to declining productivity resulting from falling soil fertility and pest attacks; farmers in Mgeta are more aware and have deeper understanding of the problem of soil erosion than those in Mlali; contrary to theories of human adaptation, data do not support the notion of rationality in adaptation; farm-structural, socio-psychological, and personal variables that have been used to explain adoption of innovations account for only 11% of the variation in the use of farmer generated soil conservation practices but 40% of the variation in the use of research generated innovative farming practices; farm size has a negative effect on use of farmer generated conservation practices; ownership of assets positively affect use of farmer generated conservation practices; positive attitude towards commercialization has a negative effect on use of farmer generated conservation practices but a positive effect on use of research generated innovative farming practices; positive attitude towards conservation has a positive effect on use of farmer generated conservation practices; use of farmer generated conservation practices and research generated innovative farming practices are negatively related.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio