Nematodes of Astyanax fasciatus (Actinopterygii: Characidae) and their parasitic indices in the São Francisco river, Brazil

Abstract The endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus from the upper São Francisco river was investigated and ecological parameters and morphological and morphometric data on the parasites are presented. A total of 74 specimens of banded astyanax were collected downstream from the Três Marias dam, municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°12’32”S, 45°15’41”W) in January 2011 and January 2012. Eleven taxa of Nematoda were found: Contracaecum sp.; Hysterothylacium sp.; Goezia sp.; Brevimulticaecum sp.; Procamallanus sp.; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis; Cystidicoloides sp.; Spinitectus rodolphiheringi; Rhabdochona sp.; Spiroxys sp.; and Eustrongylides sp.. The fauna of A. fasciatus consisted of by larval specimens of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., and Spiroxys sp., and by adult specimens of P. saofranciscencis, whose prevalence was greater than 10%. Thus, this fish acts as an intermediate host of some species of larval nematodes especially, Anisakidae and Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., new host record and new locality). It participates in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. to carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis and S. rodolphiheringi in the upper São Francisco river

New Paracalanidae species from the central coast of Brazil: morphological description and molecular evidence

Two new species of Paracalanidae, Giesbrecht, 1893, have been described. Paracalanus brasiliensis sp. nov. and Bestiolina brasiliensis sp. nov. were registered in four estuaries on the central coast of Brazil. Paracalanus brasiliensis sp. nov. females differ from their congeners mainly with regard to body size, the structure of swimming legs 1–4, absence of bristles in the coxopodites, spinules between the spines in the third segment of the exopodite, and the shape of the seminal receptacles. The uniformity of the number of spinules and their location on the anterior face of the second exopodite of legs 2–3 and the absence of spinules on the endopodite of legs 3–4 differentiate Bestiolina brasiliensis sp. nov. females from other Bestiolina Andronov, 1991, species. In the males of both species, the main diagnostic features (swimming leg seta, spine formula, and ornamentation) are generally observed in females with a few additional characteristics. Genetic divergence analyses based on partial mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) sequences revealed no genetic divergence between Paracalanus brasiliensis sp. nov. and Paracalanus sp. E. sensu Cornils and Held (2014), demonstrating that they are mutually conspecific. mtCOI sequence data from Bestiolina brasiliensis sp. nov. identified a clade with high bootstrap support that separated the specimens in this study from other Bestiolina species. The present report provides the first morphological description of females and males of both Paracalanus brasiliensis sp. nov. and Bestiolina brasiliensis sp. nov. and presents molecular evidence for species specificity. Matters regarding the validity of these species are also discussed

Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and History of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights from GARFIELD-AF

BACKGROUND: Many patients with atrial fibrillation have concomitant coronary artery disease with or without acute coronary syndromes and are in need of additional antithrombotic therapy. There are few data on the long-term clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. This is a 2-year study of atrial fibrillation patients with or without a history of acute coronary syndromes

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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