Pré‑melhoramento de milho quanto à resistência a enfezamentos

The objective of this work was to select maize families derived from backcrossing between the composite NAP Corn Stunt (donor parent) and inbreed lines (recurrent parents), as to grain yield and resistance to corn stunt, and to evaluate the efficiency of the use of molecular markers in the phenotypic evaluation for the selection of genotypes with high grain yield. One hundred genotypes were evaluated in five environmental conditions in the 2009/2010 crop season. We selected RC1F2 families, which combine high grain yield present in the recurrent parents to resistance to corn stunt present in the donor parent. The selected maize families for agronomic performance and resistance to corn stunt were: L228‑3‑324‑S, L228‑3‑237‑R, L228‑3‑109‑R, which were indicated for crosses with lines of the flint heterotic group; and L3‑422‑R and L3‑586‑R, which were indicated for crosses with lines of the dent heterotic group. For selecting genotypes with high grain yield, the molecular marker‑assisted selection is not efficient for the recovery of the recurrent parent genotype, when compared to the phenotypic evaluation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar famílias de milho derivadas do retrocruzamento entre o composto "NAP Corn Stunt" (genitor doador) e linhagens‑elite (genitores recorrentes), quanto à produtividade de grãos e à resistência a enfezamentos, e avaliar a eficiência do emprego de marcadores moleculares para avaliação fenotípica na seleção de genótipos com alta produtividade de grãos. Foram avaliados 100 genótipos, em cinco condições ambientais, na safra agrícola 2009/2010. Foram selecionadas famílias RC1F2, que aliam a alta produtividade dos genitores recorrentes à resistência aos enfezamentos, presente no genitor doador. As famílias selecionadas quanto ao desempenho agronômico e à resistência aos enfezamentos foram: L228‑3‑324‑S, L228‑3‑237‑R, L228‑3‑109‑R, que foram indicadas para cruzamentos com linhagens do grupo heterótico duro; e L3‑422‑R e L3‑586‑R, que foram indicadas para cruzamentos com linhagens do grupo heterótico dentado. Na seleção de genótipos de alta produtividade de grãos, a seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares não é eficiente para a recuperação do genótipo do pai recorrente, em comparação à avaliação fenotípica

Genetic control of plant architecture in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

More erect plant architecture has been a goal in the development of bean cultivars. Aiming to obtain more information about genetic control of traits related to plant architecture, this work was carried out between August 1995 and July 1997 in the southern and Alto São Francisco regions, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Initially, analyses were performed with individual plants of parents and different segregant generations from the crosses Carioca-MG x H-4 and Carioca x FT-Tarumã. In these experiments, besides degree of erectness, other traits were evaluated: ramification degree, internode length, internode diameter and height of insertion of the first pod. Mean and variance components and heritability at an individual level were estimated. Later, families derived from F2 or F3 plants of the same crosses were evaluated for degree of erectness. Genetic and phenotypic variance between family averages, heritabilities using variance components, and realized heritability were estimated. Of the morphological traits, internode length varied the most. There was a predominance of additive effect in the control of this trait. Evaluating plant architecture with individual plants for degree of erectness was not efficient. However, when families were used, genetic parameter estimates confirmed the possibility of successful selection, especially if evaluated for a few generations and/or environments, despite the strong environmental influence on trait expression

Pré-melhoramento de milho quanto à resistência a enfezamentos Maize pre-breeding for resistance to corn stunt

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar famílias de milho derivadas do retrocruzamento entre o composto "NAP Corn Stunt" (genitor doador) e linhagens-elite (genitores recorrentes), quanto à produtividade de grãos e à resistência a enfezamentos, e avaliar a eficiência do emprego de marcadores moleculares para avaliação fenotípica na seleção de genótipos com alta produtividade de grãos. Foram avaliados 100 genótipos, em cinco condições ambientais, na safra agrícola 2009/2010. Foram selecionadas famílias RC1F2, que aliam a alta produtividade dos genitores recorrentes à resistência aos enfezamentos, presente no genitor doador. As famílias selecionadas quanto ao desempenho agronômico e à resistência aos enfezamentos foram: L228-3-324-S, L228-3-237-R, L228-3-109-R, que foram indicadas para cruzamentos com linhagens do grupo heterótico duro; e L3-422-R e L3-586-R, que foram indicadas para cruzamentos com linhagens do grupo heterótico dentado. Na seleção de genótipos de alta produtividade de grãos, a seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares não é eficiente para a recuperação do genótipo do pai recorrente, em comparação à avaliação fenotípica.<br>The objective of this work was to select maize families derived from backcrossing between the composite NAP Corn Stunt (donor parent) and inbreed lines (recurrent parents), as to grain yield and resistance to corn stunt, and to evaluate the efficiency of the use of molecular markers in the phenotypic evaluation for the selection of genotypes with high grain yield. One hundred genotypes were evaluated in five environmental conditions in the 2009/2010 crop season. We selected RC1F2 families, which combine high grain yield present in the recurrent parents to resistance to corn stunt present in the donor parent. The selected maize families for agronomic performance and resistance to corn stunt were: L228-3-324-S, L228-3-237-R, L228-3-109-R, which were indicated for crosses with lines of the flint heterotic group; and L3-422-R and L3-586-R, which were indicated for crosses with lines of the dent heterotic group. For selecting genotypes with high grain yield, the molecular marker-assisted selection is not efficient for the recovery of the recurrent parent genotype, when compared to the phenotypic evaluation