Public Policy Incentives for Large-Scale Dairies in Georgia

Declining dairy cow populations in Georgia at a time when the human population is increasing lead to changes in the milk marketing system. A public policy initiative from state government to increase the number of large-scale dairies in Georgia has the potential to increase economic activity throughout the state. Total state output impact of a 1,000-head dairy farm in Georgia is $7.854 million, including$4.256 million in indirect economic activity. Although the agricultural sector receives the greatest benefits of dairy production, other sectors have significant sales and employment from milk production. Fluid milk manufacturing is an enterprise separate from production that has a state-level output impact of $9.844 million for a dairy farm with 1,000 milk cows. Results show there are economic development incentives for states to adopt public policies which can affect milk distribution and marketing in the Southeast.Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Equilibrium of Land Values from Agricultural and General Economic Factors for Cropland and Pasture Capitalization in Georgia

Nonagricultural factors impact land values to cause a divergence of discounted cash rents for agricultural land and land values in Georgia. General economic factors are represented by per capita income in nonmetro areas. Cash rents for cropland and pasture have positive impacts on land values. Nonagricultural factors are stronger influences on land values than are cash rents. Greater effective demand exists for pasture than for cropland because pasture is subject to relatively more pricing pressure in northern counties with higher incomes and population. Increased land values have led to increased net wealth for Georgia agricultural producers.capitalization, cash rent, cointegration, equilibrium, error correction mechanism, land values, Land Economics/Use,

COMPARING LAND VALUES AND CAPITALIZATION OF CASH RENTS FOR CROPLAND AND PASTURE IN GEORGIA

Nonagricultural factors impact land values to cause a divergence of discounted cash rents for agricultural land and land values. Focus is given to the portion of land values attributable to discounted cash rents. Unique characteristics for cropland and pasture lead to differences in capitalization rates. Nonagricultural factors are greatest for pasture. Keywords: land values, cash rents, capitalization, discounted cash rents, cropland, pastureland values, cash rents, capitalization, discounted cash rents, cropland, pasture, Land Economics/Use,

Input-Output Analysis with Public Policy Objectives: A Case Study of the Georgia Cotton Industry

Farm bill legislation directed at agricultural commodities contributes to economies of rural areas. This research quantifies the economic impacts of the Georgia cotton industry for the U.S. economy. A cotton industry model with cotton and peanut acreage is utilized with IMPLAN to estimate impacts. The Georgia cotton industry creates 4% more tax revenues for federal, state, and local governments than it receives in commodity support payments. Stochastic simulation analysis indicates that the Georgia cotton industry is not likely to remain viable without government payments.economic impact, FSRI, IMPLAN, industry model, multivariate empirical distribution, Simetar, social welfare analysis, stochastic simulation, Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Maxwell's Equations in a Uniformly Rotating Dielectric Medium and the Wilson-Wilson Experiment

This note offers a conceptually straightforward and efficient way to formulate and solve problems in the electromagnetics of moving media based on a representation of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms on spacetime together with junction conditions at moving interfaces. This framework is used to address a number of issues that have been discussed recently in this journal about the theoretical description underlying the interpretation of the Wilson-Wilson experiment.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

The affine preservers of non-singular matrices

When K is an arbitrary field, we study the affine automorphisms of M_n(K) that stabilize GL_n(K). Using a theorem of Dieudonn\'e on maximal affine subspaces of singular matrices, this is easily reduced to the known case of linear preservers when n>2 or #K>2. We include a short new proof of the more general Flanders' theorem for affine subspaces of M_{p,q}(K) with bounded rank. We also find that the group of affine transformations of M_2(F_2) that stabilize GL_2(F_2) does not consist solely of linear maps. Using the theory of quadratic forms over F_2, we construct explicit isomorphisms between it, the symplectic group Sp_4(F_2) and the symmetric group S_6.Comment: 13 pages, very minor corrections from the first versio

Economic Impacts of Ethanol Production in Georgia

Capital costs to construct a conventional ethanol plant producing 100 million gallons per year are $170.593 million. Average annual net returns average$59.216 million with a 1% chance of annual net returns less than $0. Ethanol production stimulates total economic output of$314.221 million in the Georgia economy. Wages and benefits total $20.181 million for 408 jobs in Georgia. State and local governments derive a total of$4.572 million in tax revenues from ethanol production.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Beyond Experience: Getting Retributive Justice Right

How central should hedonic adaptation be to the establishment of sentencing policy? In earlier work, Professors Bronsteen, Buccafusco, and Masur (BBM) drew some normative significance from the psychological studies of adaptability for punishment policy. In particular, they argued that retributivists and utilitarians alike are obliged on pain of inconsistency to take account of the fact that most prisoners, most of the time, adapt to imprisonment in fairly short order, and therefore suffer much less than most of us would expect. They also argued that ex-prisoners don\u27t adapt well upon re-entry to society and that social planners should consider their post-release experiences as part of the suffering the state imposes as punishment. In subsequent articles, we challenged BBM’s arguments (principally from the perspective of retributive justice) -- see below for SSRN links. The fundamental issue between BBM and us is whether punishment should be defined, measured, and justified according to the subjective negative experiences of those who are punished, an approach we refer to as subjectivism, or whether the more compelling approach is to define and justify punishment, more or less, in objective terms such that the amount need not vary based on experiences of offenders alone. In their responsive essay, Retribution and the Experience of Punishment, BBM responded to our challenges. This essay of ours now assesses the impact of their responses, again from the perspective of retributive justice. We remain unpersuaded by their conceptual and normative responses. We also use this essay to explain further the wrong turns associated with BBM\u27s decision to endorse subjectivist concerns as the principal measure and justification for the infliction of retributive punishment. Markel and Flanders, Bentham on Stilts: The Bare Relevance of Subjectivity to Retributive Punishment, https://bit.ly/3fvFT8X Gray, Punishment as Suffering, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1573600 BBM, Retribution and the Experience of Punishment, http://ssrn.com/abstract=169292

Crop Rotations and Dynamic Analysis of Southeastern Peanut Farms

Agricultural policy objectives provide green payment incentives for farmers to initiate practices with environmental benefits. Velvet beans planted as a cover crop offer an alternative for southeastern peanut farmers to control nematodes without chemicals, while increasing soil fertility. Commodity programs provide government payments that are essential to rural economies of the southeast.Environmental Economics and Policy,