Relationships between nitrogen utilization and grain technological quality in durum wheat: II. Grain yield and quality

The relationships between grain quality and N utilization in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) have not been very thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rate and water regime on grain yield and quality under Mediterranean conditions in relation to N utilization. Four durum wheat cultivars (Appio, Creso, Ofanto, and Simeto) were grown in field trials under two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed) at three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg ha–1) in southern Italy during two cropping seasons. At harvest, grain yield and its main components, protein and gluten content, gluten index, sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation test, rheological indices dough strength alveograph index (W) and tenacity/extensibility ratio (P/L), and grain yellow index were determined. For the rainfed treatment in the first (drier) year, a decrease in grain yield consistent with an increase in protein content, gluten index, and W and P/L indices was observed. With increasing N level, protein content increased in both growing seasons but a significant improvement in technological parameters was observed only in the first year, mainly under rainfed conditions. Among the investigated cultivars, only Simeto always showed both good yield and quality performance. The positive correlation between plant N content at anthesis and protein content indicated a significant contribution of pre-anthesis assimilation. The high correlations found for both N translocation and N harvest index with technological indices suggest that lately remobilized N might increase the protein polymerization degree, with a consequent improvement in grain quality

Dinamica della concentrazione salina del suolo a seguito d’irrigazione con acqua salmastra

ATTI XXXV° CONVEGNO DELLA SOCIETA' ITALIANA DI AGRONOMI

Risposta quanti-qualitativa della produzione biologica del frumento duro in Capitanata

ATTI del XXXVI CONVEGNO della SOCIETA’ ITALIANA di AGRONOMI

Analysis of gluten proteins composition during grain filling intwo durum wheat cuktivars submitted to two water regimes

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is one of the major crops in the Mediterranean basin, where water stress often occurs during grain filling which represents a critical stage for the synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). The aim of the study is to evaluate, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE SDS-PAGE), the storage proteins composition of two durum wheat cultivars (Ciccio and Svevo) cultivated in a growth chamber under two different water regimes (control and water deficit). At milk stage and physiological maturity, gluten proteins have been extracted and separated by 2DE SDS-PAGE. The analysis of the gels was performed by the software ImageMaster 2D Platinum (Amersham). The results showed differences in protein expression within the different gel regions between water regimes and cultivars; under water deficit the rate of protein accumulation was faster for all the protein regions, either at milk and physiological stage. Protein accumulation within high molecular weight region resulted faster in Ciccio than in Svevo mainly in the control treatment. In the low molecular weight region between 48 and 35 KDa (L 48-35), the cultivar Ciccio showed a higher protein expression than Svevo. Furthermore under water deficit a marked increase in H region volume and a decrease in the L 48-35 region was observed only for Svevo; instead in Ciccio no change was observed showing this cultivar a greater stability on changing water regime. Further studies by the use of mass spectrometry are necessary to identify specific peptides relative to drought stress during grain filling as well as to investigate the relationships with technological qualit

Influenza del deficit idrico su efficienza d'uso e traslocazione dell'azoto in frumento duro

XXXVI Convegno della Società Italiana di Agronomi