27 research outputs found

    Air-drying temperature changes the content of the phenolic acids and flavonols in white mulberry (Morus alba l.) leaves

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    The white mulberry leaves are typically available on the market in dried or encapsulated form. It was assumed in the study that appropriate drying of leaves of the white mulberry is significant for obtaining intermediate products with high content of compounds having anti-oxidative activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the temperature of mulberry leaves air drying on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols. It has been determined that the content of these compounds in the leaves depended on the drying temperature. Drying at 60 \ub0C favored release of phenolic acids and flavonols from complexes and/or formation of new compounds. Their total content was 22% higher than in leaves dried at 30 \ub0C. Drying at 90 \ub0C reduced the phenolic acid and flavonol content by 24%. The most favorable drying temperature was 60 \ub0C

    Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen.

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    Cryptococcosis is a globally distributed invasive fungal infection that is caused by species within the genus Cryptococcus which presents substantial therapeutic challenges. Although natural human-to-human transmission has never been observed, recent work has identified multiple virulence mechanisms that enable cryptococci to infect, disseminate within and ultimately kill their human host. In this Review, we describe these recent discoveries that illustrate the intricacy of host-pathogen interactions and reveal new details about the host immune responses that either help to protect against disease or increase host susceptibility. In addition, we discuss how this improved understanding of both the host and the pathogen informs potential new avenues for therapeutic development

    An ENU-induced splicing mutation reveals a role for Unc93b1 in early immune cell activation following influenza A H1N1 infection.

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    Genetic and immunological analysis of host-pathogen interactions can reveal fundamental mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance to infection. Modeling human infectious diseases among inbred mouse strains is a proven approach but is limited by naturally occurring genetic diversity. Using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, we created a recessive loss-of-function point mutation in Unc93b1 (unc-93 homolog B1 (C. elegans)), a chaperone for endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR)3, TLR7 and TLR9, which we termed Letr for 'loss of endosomal TLR response'. We used Unc93b1(Letr/Letr) mice to study the role of Unc93b1 in the immune response to influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), an important global respiratory pathogen. During the early phase of infection, Unc93b1(Letr/Letr) mice had fewer activated exudate macrophages and decreased expression of CXCL10, interferon (IFN)-纬 and type I IFN. Mutation of Unc93b1 also led to reduced expression of the CD69 activation marker and a concomitant increase in the CD62L naive marker on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in infected lungs. Finally, loss of endosomal TLR signaling resulted in delayed viral clearance that coincided with increased tissue pathology during infection. Taken together, these findings establish a role for Unc93b1 and endosomal TLRs in the activation of both myeloid and lymphoid cells during the innate immune response to influenza

    The comparison of antioxidant activity of herbs used in polish cuisine and white mulberry leaves drought

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    Surowce zielarskie by艂y stosowane w praktyce leczniczej ju偶 w 艣wiecie staro偶ytnym. Znaczenie zdrowotne wielu zi贸艂, w tym przypraw zosta艂o poparte wieloma badaniami naukowymi. W zapobieganiu i terapii chor贸b cywilizacyjnych, popularne przyprawy zio艂owe mog膮 odgrywa膰 znacz膮c膮 rol臋. Badaniom poddano 5 przypraw zio艂owych (bazylia, cz膮ber, majeranek, oregano, tymianek) powszechnie dost臋pnych w Polsce, oraz wysuszone li艣cie morwy bia艂ej odmiany wielkolistna 偶贸艂wi艅ska. Zar贸wno zio艂a powszechnie stosowane w polskiej kuchni, jak i suszone li艣cie morwy bia艂ej wykazuj膮 aktywno艣膰 przeciwutleniaj膮c膮. Morwa bia艂a pomimo mniejszych warto艣ci niekt贸rych z oznaczonych wska藕nik贸w, dzi臋ki swoim w艂a艣ciwo艣ciom, mo偶e poszerzy膰 asortyment ro艣lin zielarskich stosowanych w Polsce do przygotowywania potraw.Dried herbs have been already used in medical practice in the ancient times. The importance of the health of many herbs, including spices supported by numerous scientific studies. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of civilization diseases, a popular herbal spices may play a significant role. The study involved five spice herbs (basil, savory, marjoram, oregano, thyme) commonly available in Poland, and dried white mulberry leaves. Both, herbs commonly used in Polish Cuisine, as well as the dried white mulberry leaves, demonstrate antioxidant activity. Despite slightly lower values of certain indexes, due to its properties, white mulberry leaves may expand the range of herbal plants used in Polish Cuisine

    Wp艂yw okresu wegetacji na zawarto艣膰 pierwiastk贸w determinuj膮cych pojemnosc antyoksydacyjna ekstrakt贸w z li艣ci Ginkgo biloba L.

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    The aim of the study was to determine contents of macro- and microelements in extracts from yellow and green leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The following elements: Mg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe and Se were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of these elements varied depending on the vegetation period of leaves and the extraction solvent. The highest concentration of Mg was observed in water extract. The highest levels of iron and the other microelements were observed in water extracts from green and yellow leaves.Celem niniejszych bada艅 by艂o okre艣lenie zawarto艣ci poszczeg贸lnych makro i mikroelement贸w w ekstraktach sporz膮dzonych z suszu 偶贸艂tych i zielonych li艣ci Gingko biloba. Oznaczono zawarto艣膰 magnezu, miedzi, 偶elaza, chromu, cynku oraz selenu za pomoc膮 p艂omieniowej spektrofotometrii atomowo- absorpcyjnej (AAS). Koncentracja poszczeg贸lnych pierwiastk贸w zale偶a艂a od u偶ytego rozpuszczalnika i okresu wegetacji li艣ci. Najwi臋cej magnezu zawiera艂y wodne ekstrakty z li艣ci 偶贸艂tych i zielonych. Spo艣r贸d mikroelement贸w najwy偶szym poziomem 偶elaza i innych mikroelement贸w charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wodne ekstrakty z li艣ci zielonych oraz 偶贸艂tych

    Acceptance of food products on the basis of label information depending on age, gender and nutrition knowledge of consumers

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    W pracy dokonano oceny akceptacji produkt贸w 偶ywno艣ciowych na podstawie informacji na opakowaniach oraz okre艣lono wiedz臋 偶ywieniow膮 student贸w Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, a tak偶e os贸b starszych. Oceniono zwi膮zek mi臋dzy wiedz膮 偶ywieniow膮 badanych i akceptacj膮 konsumenck膮. Stwierdzono, 偶e studenci w wi臋kszym stopniu ni偶 osoby starsze akceptuj膮 prawie wszystkie analizowane produkty. Ustalono jednocze艣nie, 偶e wy偶sza wiedza 偶ywieniowa student贸w oznacza艂a wy偶sz膮 akceptacj臋 produkt贸w; u os贸b starszych nie zaobserwowano takiej zale偶no艣ci. Wy偶sza wiedza 偶ywieniowa obu badanych populacji by艂a zwi膮zana z ni偶sz膮 niepewno艣ci膮 respondent贸w odno艣nie do akceptacji produkt贸w spo偶ywczych. Akceptacja produkt贸w 偶ywno艣ciowych w zale偶no艣ci od p艂ci konsument贸w by艂a bardziej zr贸偶nicowana u student贸w.The work presents an assessment of approved information on food labels and identifies the nutritional knowledge of students of the University of Life Sciences in Poznan and the elderly. The association between nutritional knowledge test and consumer acceptance was rated. It was found that students more than older people accept almost all considered products. It was found, however, that higher nutrition knowledge of students meant greater acceptance of products, and in elderly persons there was no such a relation. Higher nutrition knowledge of both studied groups was associated with the lower uncertainty of the respondents regarding the acceptance of food products. The acceptance of food, depending on the gender of consumers have been more diversified in students

    Wp艂yw dodatku inuliny jako zamiennika t艂uszczu na warto艣膰 energetyczn膮 i akceptacj臋 konsumenck膮 modelowych klops贸w wieprzowych

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    The aim of the study was to examine the effect of inulin gel, used as a fat substitute, on energy value and consumer acceptance of model meatballs fresh and cold-stored. The experimental material consisted of pork meatballs with two inulin levels. Replacement of part pork fat with inulin resulted in reducing level of fat and calorie contents. Moreover, after 14 day of cold storage of meatballs, consumer acceptance of these products with a 25% replacement of pork back fat by inulin was higher in comparison with the control sample. During 14 day of cold storage of such pork meatballs the delay of adverse sensory attributes were observed.Okre艣lono wp艂yw inuliny stosowanej jako zamiennik t艂uszczu w pulpetach mi臋snych na zawarto艣膰 podstawowych sk艂adnik贸w chemicznych, ich warto艣膰 kaloryczn膮 oraz akceptacj臋 konsumenck膮. Wykazano, 偶e zast膮pienie boczku wieprzowego inulin膮 w pulpetach mi臋snych spowodowa艂o obni偶enie w nich zawarto艣ci t艂uszczu i kaloryczno艣ci. Pulpety, w kt贸rych zast膮piono boczek uwodnion膮 inulin膮 na poziomie 25 % cechowa艂y si臋 wy偶sz膮 akceptacj膮 konsumenck膮 w por贸wnaniu z pr贸b膮 kontroln膮 w czasie 14 dni ch艂odniczego przechowywania pulpet贸w
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