AUTOPSY: Knowledge and Perception of undergraduate medical students in current teaching system

Objective: To evaluate their acquaintance about autopsy, appropriate way of teaching and to appraise their views for the procedure of autopsy and recognition of Forensic as profession. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was done in 2015 to 2016, in a public university running modular system. Data were collected by convenient method, from students of 3rd year and ahead. More than 250 forms were distributed and only 193 completed and analyzed by SPSS 17. Results: Out of 193 students, 165 students claimed to recognize the “autopsy” and 28 not understand the procedure. Only 20 students observed more than 4 autopsies. Out of 193, 179 believed that Forensic education should not be scrapped from the medical syllabi. For teaching methodology 123 preferred a live autopsy and 64 students appreciated watching videos and only 6 favoured books. About 167 students stated autopsy as mandatory in all unsuspected deaths, and 172 agreed for usefulness in medical education but 111 found it disrespectful to the dead body. Around 166 students consider forensic not a prospective profession and 93 suggested its limited scope in Pakistan. Conclusion: Students were aware of the value and necessity of autopsy as a medicolegal procedure. Adequate time must be fixed for viewing autopsy procedures to insure their complete competency. There is need for continuing efforts to improve the teaching of autopsy within a modular system.  Keywords:  Autopsy, Undergraduate Medical Education, Forensic Medicine, Forensic Educatio

High Commitment Work System and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

In this modern and competitive era, organizations for their endurance and success rely on the innovative ideas. For today’s managers it becomes imperative to look for those ways and means through which they could innovate and this research is very much highlighting the said aspect. This study empirically examines and explores the impact of high commitment work system on innovative work behavior and addresses the role of knowledge sharing as a mediator. Basically, it provides a mechanism through which high commitment work system fosters innovative work behavior in telecommunication sector companies of Pakistan. Using the findings of this research, telecommunication companies, particularly mobile network companies can transform and bring novelty in their services to proliferate in a competitive market. All the established relationships are theoretically explained, empirically tested and supported through literature review. Results revealed that all three variables of the study exhibit positive relationship. All four established hypotheses are accepted and the relationship between high commitment work system and innovative work behavior partially mediated by knowledge sharing behavior

The cross-sectional study of anxiety levels and ratio of severity of thirteen symptoms of anxiety among medical students

Background: Anxiety is defined as physical, behavioral, social and psychological response to treat self-concept characterized by subjective, consciously perceived feelings of tension. Nowadays anxiety is most commonly found among medical students. This study was conducted to find out the anxiety levels and ratio of severity of thirteen symptoms of anxiety.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 178 medical students which tests the level of anxiety and severity of symptoms of anxiety. The questionnaire used was hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A).Results: Out of 178 students, 80 (44.94%) students scored mild anxiety levels, 63 (35.39%) students scored moderate anxiety levels and 35 (19.66%) students scored severe anxiety levels.Conclusions: Mild form of anxiety is much more common among medical students and majority of these medical students are females. Moreover, the symptoms of anxiety including tension, anxious mood, depressed mood, insomnia, fear and CVS symptoms appear with moderate severity in majority of medical students while on the other hand some symptoms including general somatic muscular and sensory symptoms, difficulties in concentration and memory, genitor-urinary symptoms, respiratory symptoms, GIT symptoms and other autonomic symptoms appear with least severity among majority of medical students

Sonographic Correlation of Fetal Foot Length as a Reliable Parameter for Estimation of Gestational Age in 2ND and 3RD Trimester

Objective: To sonographic correlation fetal foot length as a reliable parameter for estimation of gestational age in 2nd and 3rd trimester. Study Design: An analytical cross-sectional prospective study was performed. Settings: The study was performed in Meer Children and family clinic, Tajpora Lahore. Period: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 October, 2021 to 15 January, 2021. Material & Methods: The present study is conducted in the in the Meer Children and Family Clinic Tajpura Lahore .In pregnant women attending the OPD during 2nd and 3rd trimester for routine checkups. The present study done in 60 normal pregnant women who were sure about their last menstrual period, have regular menstrual cycle, not experienced any vaginal bleeding. Ultrasonographic fetal foot length measurements was done without previous knowledge of gestational age and then the gestational age confirmed by biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and head circumference . Results: The present study is conducted in 63 pragnent women between 15 to 35 weeks  of gestational age attending the OPD for 2nd and 3rd trimester routine checkups the  in the Meer Children and Family Clinic Tajpura Lahore . Sonographically we calculated foot length from 15 to 35 weeks of gestation. In our study to Early  age at which fetal foot length could be seen and measured sonographically was found to be 15 weeks of  gestation age. In 27 weeks of gestational age and mean foot length 83.67 with std. deviation 5.718 and std. Error Mean -720 and the mean value of foot length by gestational age is 93.33 with std. deviation and std. error mean 338.740 and 42.677 respectivly.  Along with foot length bipraietal diameter(BPD),Abdominal circumference(AC),head circumference(HC) also measured for comparison. Conclusion: In the normal growing fetus the fetal foot length increases with increasing gestational age. Fetal foot length is a good parameter for gestational age especially in cases of femur achondroplasia, dolichocephaly or brachycephaly and in cases who are not sure about their L.M.P. Fetal foot length is  used as an investigational implement  to measured  of gestational age in the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fetal foot length was especially useful when other parameters did not correctly estimate gestational age, e.g., in cases of short-limb dwarfism hydrocephalus or anencephaly. Keywords: Gestational age, Fetal foot length, Ultrasonographically age estimation DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-04 Publication date:September 30th 202

A highly nonlinear substitution-box (S-box) design using action of modular group on a projective line over a finite field.

Cryptography is commonly used to secure communication and data transmission over insecure networks through the use of cryptosystems. A cryptosystem is a set of cryptographic algorithms offering security facilities for maintaining more cover-ups. A substitution-box (S-box) is the lone component in a cryptosystem that gives rise to a nonlinear mapping between inputs and outputs, thus providing confusion in data. An S-box that possesses high nonlinearity and low linear and differential probability is considered cryptographically secure. In this study, a new technique is presented to construct cryptographically strong 8×8 S-boxes by applying an adjacency matrix on the Galois field GF(28). The adjacency matrix is obtained corresponding to the coset diagram for the action of modular group [Formula: see text] on a projective line PL(F7) over a finite field F7. The strength of the proposed S-boxes is examined by common S-box tests, which validate their cryptographic strength. Moreover, we use the majority logic criterion to establish an image encryption application for the proposed S-boxes. The encryption results reveal the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed S-box design in image encryption applications

Phenome-Wide Association Study of Drugs and Co-morbidities Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes of and contributors to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in systemic sclerosis in a Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS), using real-world clinical records data. METHODS: 12,535 documented clinical assessments of 2,058 consented individuals with systemic sclerosis at the Royal Free Hospital (UK) were available for detailed phenotyping. Diagnoses and drugs were mapped to structured dictionaries of terms (Disease Ontology project and DrugBank Open Data, respectively). A PheWAS model was used to explore links between six important SSc-GI domains (constipation, diarrhoea, dysmotility, incontinence, reflux, and SIBO) and exposure to various comorbidities and drugs. 'Hits' from the PheWAS model were confirmed and explored in a sub-cohort reporting quantitative GI symptom scores from the UCLA GIT 2.0 questionnaire (GIT 2.0). RESULTS: 1,546 individuals were entered into the PheWAS analysis. 673 distinct diagnoses and 634 distinct drugs were identified in the dataset, as well as SSc-specific phenotypes such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA). PheWAS analysis revealed associations between drugs, diagnoses, and ANAs with six important SSc-GI outcomes: constipation, diarrhoea, dysmotility, incontinence, reflux, and SIBO. Subsequently, using GIT 2.0 symptom scores, links with SSc-GI were confirmed for 22 drugs, four diagnoses, and three ANAs. CONCLUSION: Using a hypothesis-free PheWAS approach, we replicated known, and revealed potential novel, risk factors for SSc-GI dysfunction, including drug classes such as opioid, anti-muscarinic, and endothelin receptor antagonist, and ANA subgroup

Cleaner Technology and Natural Resource Management: An Environmental Sustainability Perspective from China

In economies, cleaner technology, increased demand for renewable energy, and more efficient use of natural resources contribute to meeting environmental sustainability targets. The Chinese economy is no exception in its attempts to conserve economic and natural resources via collaborative efforts to embrace cleaner technology, green energy sources, and resource conservation management to preserve resources for future generations. This research examines the influence of cleaner technologies, green energy sources, and natural resource management on reducing greenhouse gas emissions using quarterly data for the Chinese economy from 2000Q1 to 2020Q4. The findings demonstrate that increasing demand for green energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions, hence substantiating the premise of ‘green is clean’ energy development. Additionally, optimum resource usage enhances environmental quality, corroborating the ‘resource cleaner blessing’ hypothesis. The positive link between inward foreign direct investment and greenhouse gas emissions substantiates the ‘pollution haven’ concept, according to which inward foreign direct investment uses unsustainable technology in manufacturing processes, hence degrading air quality indicators. Inadequate access to clean cooking technology and increased population density has a detrimental effect on the country’s environmental sustainability agenda, which must be corrected via sustainable regulations. The causality estimates show the feedback relationship between renewable energy demand (and economic growth) and cleaner technology, between economic growth and green energy (and inbound foreign direct investment), and between population density and economic growth (and green energy). The Impulse Response function estimates suggested that economic growth and population density would likely increase GHG emissions. In contrast, cleaner technology, green energy demand, natural resource management, and inbound foreign direct investment would likely decrease greenhouse gas emissions for the next ten-year time period. The sustainability of the environment and natural resources in China is bolstered by developing cleaner technologies, a greater reliance on renewable energy sources, and better management of natural resources

Organizing Commons in Time and Space with Framapads: Feedback from an Open Community

International audienceCommons are also a narrative issue, something collectively told and shared. In this discussion paper, we critically examine our use of a collaborative technique called Framapad. As an open community, RGCS has used hundreds of pads to co-document its events and practices. !is practice, both when successful and unsuccessful, has been key in the constitution of our own commons. Here, we analyze the process, contributions and limitations of pads in the life of our community