Pesticide Exposure, Behavior of Farmer, and Activity of Cholinesterase Enzyme in Blood of Fertile Women Farmers

Fertile women farmers are risky of suffering decrease of cholinesterase activity due to pesticide exposure. This study aimed to analyze relation between pesticide exposure and the exposure agent to cholinesterase activity of fertile women workers at Kedunguter Village. This study used cross-sectional design on 94 fertile women farmers in 2015. Data was collected by observation, interview and cholinesterase test. Data analysis used chi-square test and analysis results showed a significant relation between pesticide types, working time, the use of gloves, hand-washing behavior to cholinesterase activity of fertile women farmers. Analysis results of this study showed that variable working time had the highest odds ratio (OR) score (OR = 14.072), so the variable working time is the most dominant variable in influencing cholinesterase enzyme. This study suggests that fertile women farmers should work not more than six hours per day

Indoor Air Quality in X\u27s University Libraries (Physical, Chemical and Microbial Aspects)

The objective of this research was to identify mould in university’s library using cross sectional design. The existence of mould and physical and chemical quality of air in library have been investigated and observed in three faculties; they were in FA, FB, and FC. To identify the mould, it used petri dish in Potato Dextrose Agar medium. There were 6-9 samples from each library. The temperature in three libraries were higher than standard, the intensity of light were very low in location FB and FC, and the dust concentration in FA was very high. It was found the pathogenic mould; they were Aspergillus fumigatus in FA, Scopulariopsis candida in FB, and Fusarium verticilloides in FC. In general, the physical, chemical and microbial quality of air in libraries exceeded the legal standard

The Correlation Between Noise Level and Hearing Loss of the Population Around Pakupatan Bus Station

Activities at the bus station may cause environmental pollution, including noise. High noise levels can cause human health problems, especially hearing loss. This study aims to determine the correlation between noise level and hearing loss of the population around Pakupatan Bus Station. This study used an analytical observational approach with a cross sectional design. The survey was conducted in six residences around Pakupatan Bus Station in Serang City, Banten from January to May 2018. The samples of this study were 100 respondents selected by proportional random sampling technique. The noise level of residents around Pakupatan Bus Station reached 81.09 decibels which exceeded the noise quality standard of 55 decibels in 1996 No. 48 of the Ministry of Environment. The confounding variables included age, sex, health history, type of work, smoking, drinking, and length of stay of the respondents. Type of work and length of stay were the confounding variables of the correlation between noise level and hearing loss. The odd ratio of the type of work was 0.267 and the length of stay was 0.365, so it was necessary to apply green lines or to plant trees. The residents who were exposed to noise >70dB had a risk of 4.673 times higher than the noise level 70dB after being controlled by the variable length of stay and variable work

Tingkat Keamanan Konsumsi Residu Karbamat dalam Buah dan Sayur Menurut Analisis Pascakolom Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi

Karbamat merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan untuk membasmi hama buah dan sayur. Untuk menentukan bahwa residu karbamat dalam sayuran masih aman dikonsumsi manusia, telah dilakukan analisis beberapa residu karbamat seperti metomil, karbaril, karbofuran, dan propoksur. Sampel-sampel tomat, apel, selada air, kubis, dan sawi hijau dikumpulkan dari tiga supermarket dan satu pasar tradisional di Depok, Jawa Barat. Analisis dilakukan serempak untuk ke empat residu karbamat menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi denganpereaksi o-ftalaldehida dan 2-merkaptoetanol dalam reaktor pascakolom dengan detektor fluoresensi. Dari sampel-sampel buah dan sayur yang dianalisis, hanya sawi hijau asal pasar tradisional yang positif mengandung propoksur dengan kadar 1,2 mg/25 gram berat basah (0,048 mg/g berat basah). Dengan Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI) propoksur 0,005 mg/kg berat badan/hari, konsumsi sawi hijau harian seberat 20 g/hari masih cukup aman dari gangguan kesehatan akibat pajanan kronik propoksur dengan margin of safety 298,7 (> 100 sebagai batas aman).Carbamat is a group of pesticides which is commonly used to control fruits and vegetables pests. To determine that carbamat residues in fruits and vegetables are safe for human consumption, carbamate residues such as methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, and propoxur in vegetables and fruits have been analyzed. Samples of tomato, apple, water lettuces, cabbage, and mustard greens were collected from three supermarkets and one traditional market in Depok, West Java. The analysis was carried out simultaneously for all four carbamate residues by high performance liquid chromatography using o-phtaladehyde and 2 mercaptoethanol reagents in post-column reactor with a fluorescence detector. Of fruits and vegetable samples analyzed, only mustard greens from traditional market positively containe propoxur at 1.2 mg/ 25 gram wet weight (0,048 mg/gram wet weight). With Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.005 mg/kg body weight/day, mustard greens consumption of 20 g/day is safe from adverse health effect from chronic exposure to propoxur with Margin of Safety of 298.7 (> 100 as safe limit)