1 research outputs found
Dietary a-Linolenic acid, Marine x-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: findings from the PREevención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study
Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine x-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids)
intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated
whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total
energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the
society’s recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day).
Methods and Results-—We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenci on con DIeta MEDiterr anea (PREDIMED) trial.
Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressionmodels were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated towalnut consumption (r=0.94).
During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25
stroke). The hazard ratios formeeting ALArecommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all-causemortality and 0.95
(95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios formeeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all-causemortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease,
0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in
all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]).
Conclusions-—In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by
walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived
long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids