Sources of Growth in the Various Turkish State Manufacturing Enterprises.

This study is designed to measure sources of growth in the Turkish State Tea, Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton Yarn, Sawmill, Paper and Cement industries--industries that consume natural resources. The study begins with the investigation of substitution and complementary possibilities in these seven industries, employing a three-input (labour, natural resources and capital) translog production function. Thereafter, sources of growth are examined in terms of the contribution of changes in labour, natural resources, and embodied and disembodied technological progress in short-periods, 3-7 years, during which the capital stock remained relatively stable. The total effect of each factor's contribution to the growth of output is measured in terms of a physical value (tons or m('3)), and a percentage of total, after which estimated and actual growths are compared. Up to a 10 percent difference is accepted as reasonable, adjustments are made, and comparisons between factor contribution carried out. The period under consideration is from 1960 to 1979 and the price index taken in 1968 equals 100. Generally speaking, input prices remained stable or dropped over the whole period whereas output prices varied. Particular reasons are presented. Output grew an average of under 5 percent except for paper (8 percent), cement (9 percent) and tea (14.5 percent). The ratio of change in natural resource to output was rather stable, as was the labour/output ratio. The number of people employed in the industries grew moderately except in the tea and tobacco industries. Wages increased in all industries, as did capital stocks. Marginal productivity of labour, and marginal physical productivity of natural resources went up in most cases. Each factor's contribution to the growth of output has followed a consistent path. While one half or more of the growth was credited to embodied technological progress, disembodied technological progress revealed potential opportunities. The study's major findings follow: An econometric relationship was established between the three inputs and outputs; predictions were then made about future price movements of inputs and output, sources of growth in the short-periods that may be employed by planners; and finally, about State Manufacturing Enterprises' important role in the country's future.Ph.D.Business administrationUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159733/1/8402277.pd

Poverty and the determinants of poverty in urban area of Adana

WOS: 000302001000003Poverty and the determinants of poverty in urban area of Adana The purpose of this study is to reveal the determinants of poverty in urban area of Adana on the socio-economic characteristics of households and to detect the social layers in which the poverty is most intense, as well as to suggest policies that can be implemented in the pave of struggle against poverty. Data obtained frons the project titled "Household Behavior in Income, Consumption and Saving Trends and Poverty in Adana's Seyhan and Yuregir Townships", which is financed by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, are used. The data which was consisted of observations collected within periods of four months; November 2007, April 2008, November 2008 and May 2009 and each involved 1250 households. Poverty line was estimated according to food expenditures and cost of basic needs. These poverty lines are adjusted by using equivalent scales of OECD, Engel and Rothbarth. Ordered probit model is estimated to introduce the determinants of poverty in urban area of Adana