39,742 research outputs found
On the finite-size behavior of systems with asymptotically large critical shift
Exact results of the finite-size behavior of the susceptibility in
three-dimensional mean spherical model films under Dirichlet-Dirichlet,
Dirichlet-Neumann and Neumann-Neumann boundary conditions are presented. The
corresponding scaling functions are explicitly derived and their asymptotics
close to, above and below the bulk critical temperature are obtained. The
results can be incorporated in the framework of the finite-size scaling theory
where the exponent characterizing the shift of the finite-size
critical temperature with respect to is smaller than , with
being the critical exponent of the bulk correlation length.Comment: 24 pages, late
Universal transport signatures of Majorana fermions in superconductor-Luttinger liquid junctions
One of the most promising proposals for engineering topological
superconductivity and Majorana fermions employs a spin-orbit coupled nanowire
subjected to a magnetic field and proximate to an s-wave superconductor. When
only part of the wire's length contacts to the superconductor, the remaining
conducting portion serves as a natural lead that can be used to probe these
Majorana modes via tunneling. The enhanced role of interactions in one
dimension dictates that this configuration should be viewed as a
superconductor-Luttinger liquid junction. We investigate such junctions between
both helical and spinful Luttinger liquids, and topological as well as
non-topological superconductors. We determine the phase diagram for each case
and show that universal low-energy transport in these systems is governed by
fixed points describing either perfect normal reflection or perfect Andreev
reflection. In addition to capturing (in some instances) the familiar
Majorana-mediated `zero-bias anomaly' in a new framework, we show that
interactions yield dramatic consequences in certain regimes. Indeed, we
establish that strong repulsion removes this conductance anomaly altogether
while strong attraction produces dynamically generated effective Majorana modes
even in a junction with a trivial superconductor. Interactions further lead to
striking signatures in the local density of states and the line-shape of the
conductance peak at finite voltage, and also are essential for establishing
smoking-gun transport signatures of Majorana fermions in spinful Luttinger
liquid junctions.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, v
A near zero velocity dispersion stellar component in the Canes Venatici dwarf spheroidal galaxy
We present a spectroscopic survey of the newly-discovered Canes Venatici
dwarf galaxy using the Keck/DEIMOS spectrograph. Two stellar populations of
distinct kinematics are found to be present in this galaxy: an extended,
metal-poor component, of half-light radius 7'.8(+2.4/-2.1), which has a
velocity dispersion of 13.9(+3.2/-2.5) km/s, and a more concentrated
(half-light radius 3'.6(+1.1/-0.8) metal-rich component of extremely low
velocity dispersion. At 99% confidence, the upper limit to the central velocity
dispersion of the metal-rich population is 1.9 km/s. This is the lowest
velocity dispersion ever measured in a galaxy. We perform a Jeans analysis on
the two components, and find that the dynamics of the structures can only be
consistent if we adopt extreme (and unlikely) values for the scale length and
velocity dispersion of the metal-poor population. With a larger radial velocity
sample and improved measurements of the density profile of the two populations,
we anticipate that it will be possible to place strong constraints on the
central distribution of the dark matter in this galaxy.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRA
Asymmetric Fluid Criticality I: Scaling with Pressure Mixing
The thermodynamic behavior of a fluid near a vapor-liquid and, hence,
asymmetric critical point is discussed within a general ``complete'' scaling
theory incorporating pressure mixing in the nonlinear scaling fields as well as
corrections to scaling. This theory allows for a Yang-Yang anomaly in which
\mu_{\sigma}^{\prime\prime}(T), the second temperature derivative of the
chemical potential along the phase boundary, diverges like the specific heat
when T\to T_{\scriptsize c}; it also generates a leading singular term,
|t|^{2\beta}, in the coexistence curve diameter, where t\equiv
(T-T_{\scriptsize c}) /T_{\scriptsize c}. The behavior of various special loci,
such as the critical isochore, the critical isotherm, the k-inflection loci, on
which \chi^{(k)}\equiv \chi(\rho,T)/\rho^{k} (with \chi = \rho^{2}
k_{\scriptsize B}TK_{T}) and C_{V}^{(k)}\equiv C_{V}(\rho,T)/\rho^{k} are
maximal at fixed T, is carefully elucidated. These results are useful for
analyzing simulations and experiments, since particular, nonuniversal values of
k specify loci that approach the critical density most rapidly and reflect the
pressure-mixing coefficient. Concrete illustrations are presented for the
hard-core square-well fluid and for the restricted primitive model electrolyte.
For comparison, a discussion of the classical (or Landau) theory is presented
briefly and various interesting loci are determined explicitly and illustrated
quantitatively for a van der Waals fluid.Comment: 21 pages in two-column format including 8 figure
On the speed of pulled fronts with a cutoff
We study the effect of a small cutoff on the velocity of a pulled
front in one dimension by means of a variational principle. We obtain a lower
bound on the speed dependent on the cutoff, and for which the two leading order
terms correspond to the Brunet Derrida expression. To do so we cast a known
variational principle for the speed of propagation of fronts in new variables
which makes it more suitable for applications.Comment: 12 pages no figure
Two site self consistent method for front propagation in reaction-diffusion system
We study front propagation in the reaction diffusion process
on one dimensional lattice with hard core interaction
between the particles. We propose a two site self consistent method (TSSCM) to
make analytic estimates for the front velocity and are in excellent agreement
with the simulation results for all parameter regimes. We expect that the
simplicity of the method will allow one to use this technique for estimating
the front velocity in other reaction diffusion processes as well.Comment: 6 figure
Coexistence Curve Singularities at Critical End Points
We report an extensive Monte Carlo study of critical end point behaviour in a
symmetrical binary fluid mixture. On the basis of general scaling arguments,
singular behaviour is predicted in the diameter of the liquid-gas coexistence
curve as the critical end point is approached. The simulation results show
clear evidence for this singularity, as well as confirming a previously
predicted singularity in the coexistence chemical potential. Both singularities
should be detectable experimentally.Comment: 9 pages Revtex, 3 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Complete high-precision entropic sampling
Monte Carlo simulations using entropic sampling to estimate the number of
configurations of a given energy are a valuable alternative to traditional
methods. We introduce {\it tomographic} entropic sampling, a scheme which uses
multiple studies, starting from different regions of configuration space, to
yield precise estimates of the number of configurations over the {\it full
range} of energies, {\it without} dividing the latter into subsets or windows.
Applied to the Ising model on the square lattice, the method yields the
critical temperature to an accuracy of about 0.01%, and critical exponents to
1% or better. Predictions for systems sizes L=10 - 160, for the temperature of
the specific heat maximum, and of the specific heat at the critical
temperature, are in very close agreement with exact results. For the Ising
model on the simple cubic lattice the critical temperature is given to within
0.003% of the best available estimate; the exponent ratios and
are given to within about 0.4% and 1%, respectively, of the
literature values. In both two and three dimensions, results for the {\it
antiferromagnetic} critical point are fully consistent with those of the
ferromagnetic transition. Application to the lattice gas with nearest-neighbor
exclusion on the square lattice again yields the critical chemical potential
and exponent ratios and to good precision.Comment: For a version with figures go to
http://www.fisica.ufmg.br/~dickman/transfers/preprints/entsamp2.pd
The Logarithmic Triviality of Compact QED Coupled to a Four Fermi Interaction
This is the completion of an exploratory study of Compact lattice Quantum
Electrodynamics with a weak four-fermi interaction and four species of massless
fermions. In this formulation of Quantum Electrodynamics massless fermions can
be simulated directly and Finite Size Scaling analyses can be performed at the
theory's chiral symmetry breaking critical point. High statistics simulations
on lattices ranging from to yield the equation of state, critical
indices, scaling functions and cumulants. The measurements are well fit with
the orthodox hypothesis that the theory is logarithmically trivial and its
continuum limit suffers from Landau's zero charge problem.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figues and 10 table
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